The model of citizenship outlined in Chapter 4 flows from a simple premise: domicile in the territory of a state makes a domiciled individual as much part of the public as any native citizen. It generates an entitlement to equal treatment and a claim to be recognised as a participant in the democratic process and a stakeholder in the future of the political community. This, ultimately, transforms citizenship into a network good which is not linked to nationality status. I have argued that if we wish to take democracy seriously then we need to make citizenship a good of low excludability. I have also elaborated on the principles underpinning the model of citizenship beyond nationality, and defended them against a number of objections. This chapter builds on this discussion and extends it further by examining the external dimensions of the model and its impact on the international domain.

Before proceeding to consider the international aspects of anational citizenship, it is worth reiterating that anational citizenship is not envisaged to affect either the recognition of states in the international arena or their central role. Nor does it threaten to usurp their competence to determine the beneficiaries of citizenship. Nothing I have said thus far implies that determination of the citizenry of a country will be a function undertaken by bodies or organisations other than states. On the contrary. The acquisition, loss and the legal consequences of citizenship will continue to fall within the jurisdiction of states and any disputes that may arise will be adjudicated by domestic courts and tribunals in the first instance, in accordance with domestic, international and European Community laws.