Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents Summary for Volumes 1, 2 and 3
- Contents
- Volume 1 Maps
- Volume 2 Maps
- Volume 3 Maps
- About the Contributors
- Volume 1
- Volume 2
- Volume 3
- VII. Western and Central Asia
- VIII. Europe and the Mediterranean
- 3.17 Early Palaeolithic Europe
- 3.18 Europe and the Mediterranean: DNA
- 3.19 The Upper Palaeolithic of Europe
- 3.20 Upper Palaeolithic Imagery
- 3.21 Early Food Production in Southeastern Europe
- 3.22 Early Food Production in Southwestern Europe
- 3.23 Hunters, Fishers and Farmers of Northern Europe, 9000–3000 bce
- 3.24 The Aegean
- 3.25 Post-Neolithic Western Europe
- 3.26 The Later Prehistory of Central and Northern Europe
- 3.27 The Post-Neolithic of Eastern Europe
- 3.28 The Classical World
- 3.29 Europe and the Mediterranean: Languages
- Index
- References
3.27 - The Post-Neolithic of Eastern Europe
from VIII. - Europe and the Mediterranean
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 August 2014
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents Summary for Volumes 1, 2 and 3
- Contents
- Volume 1 Maps
- Volume 2 Maps
- Volume 3 Maps
- About the Contributors
- Volume 1
- Volume 2
- Volume 3
- VII. Western and Central Asia
- VIII. Europe and the Mediterranean
- 3.17 Early Palaeolithic Europe
- 3.18 Europe and the Mediterranean: DNA
- 3.19 The Upper Palaeolithic of Europe
- 3.20 Upper Palaeolithic Imagery
- 3.21 Early Food Production in Southeastern Europe
- 3.22 Early Food Production in Southwestern Europe
- 3.23 Hunters, Fishers and Farmers of Northern Europe, 9000–3000 bce
- 3.24 The Aegean
- 3.25 Post-Neolithic Western Europe
- 3.26 The Later Prehistory of Central and Northern Europe
- 3.27 The Post-Neolithic of Eastern Europe
- 3.28 The Classical World
- 3.29 Europe and the Mediterranean: Languages
- Index
- References
Summary
Introduction
The study of prehistoric Eastern Europe is today a very different reality from prior to 1991 and the collapse of the Soviet Union and decline of Marxist-inspired socialism and communism. Rigid intellectual boundaries and political ideologies that once divided scholarship have become more open, and a more vibrant level of academic exchange has developed. As a result, traditional models of understanding for the Post-Neolithic of Eastern Europe have been radically revised in recent years. In contrast to earlier models that favoured the East European steppe zone as the birthplace of prehistoric marauding warrior nomads, more complex understandings of population movement, interaction and trade are dominating contemporary scholarship. This has led to a much greater appreciation for the social, political and economic developments that occurred in this region of the Old World. This chapter provides a survey of these important developments for the Chalcolithic (Copper Age or Eneolithic), Bronze and Early Iron ages and covers chronologically a period from approximately 4500 to 300 bce. While this presents a long sequence, it offers the opportunity to step outside the boundaries of single conventional periods to examine important regional trajectories of sociocultural change.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Cambridge World Prehistory , pp. 1937 - 1957Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2014
References
2007. The Horse the Wheel and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World. Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ.
content=“”2009. The Sintashta Genesis: the roles of climate change, warfare, and long-distance trade, pp. 47–73 in ( & , eds.) Social Complexity in Prehistoric Eurasia: Monuments, Metals and Mobility. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
&
2000. Eneolithic horse exploitation in the Eurasian steppes: diet, ritual and riding. Antiquity
74: 75–86.Google Scholar
, , , , , , , , , , , , , &
2005. The Samara Valley Project: Late Bronze Age economy and ritual in the Russian steppes. Eurasia Antiqua
11: 395–417.Google Scholar
2000. Balkan Prehistory: Exclusion, Incorporation and Identity. Routledge: London.
1998. The Perilous Frontier. Blackwell: Oxford.
1985. Prehistoric Farming in Europe. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
1995. Tuva during the Scythian Period, pp. 265–83 in (, & , eds.) Nomads of the Eurasian Steppes in the Early Iron Age. Zinat Press: Berkeley.
1996. Asian influence on European Scythia. Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia: An International Journal of Comparative Studies in History and Archaeology
3 (1): 97–122.Google Scholar
2009. Absolute dating of metallurgical innovations in the Vinča culture of the Balkans, pp. 191–245 in ( & , eds.) Metals and Societies: Studies in Honour of Barbara S. Ottaway. Universitätsforschungen zur Prähistorischen Archäologie. Habelt: Bonn.
(ed.) 2005. Scythians and Greeks: Cultural Interactions in Scythia, Athens, and the Early Roman Empire (Sixth Century –First Century ad). Exeter University Press: Exeter.
1996. The spread of agriculture and nomadic pastoralism: insights from genetics, linguistics and archaeology, pp. 51–69 in (, ed.) The Origins and Spread of Agriculture and Pastoralism in Eurasia. UCL Press: London.
, , , &
2003. Iron Age society and chronology in South-east Kazakhstan. Antiquity
77: 298–312.Google Scholar
1992. Ancient Metallurgy in the USSR. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
1995. Postscript: Russian archaeology after the collapse of the USSR: infrastructural crisis and the resurgence of old and new nationalisms, pp. 139–48 in ( & , eds.) Nationalism, Politics and the Practice of Archaeology. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
2004. Kargaly: The largest and most ancient metallurgical complex on the border of Europe and Asia, pp. 223–37 in (, ed.) Metallurgy in Ancient Eastern Eurasia from the Urals to the Yellow River. Edwin Mellen Press: Lewiston.
2009. Formation of the Eurasian steppe belt cultures viewed through the lens of archaeometallurgy and radiocarbon dating, pp. 115–45 in ( & , eds.) Social Complexity in Prehistoric Eurasia: Monuments, Metals and Mobility. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
1998. A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia, vol. 1. Inner Eurasia from Prehistory to the Mongol Empire. Blackwell: Oxford.
, &
2003. Der skythische Fürstengrabhügel von Arzhan 2 in Tuva. Vorbericht der russischdeutschen Ausgrabungen 2000–2002. Eurasia Antiqua
9: 113–62.Google Scholar
, &
2001. Metalloproizvodstvo petrovskikh plemen (po materialam poseleniya Kulevchi III). Voprosy arkheologiyi antropologiyi i etnografiyi
3: 23–54.Google Scholar
1978. Early Farming in South Bulgaria from the Vith to the IIIrd Millennia . British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.
2002. Alternative revolutions: hunter-gatherers, farmers, and stock-breeders in the northwestern Ponti area, pp. 13–24 in (, & , eds.) Ancient Interactions: East and West in Eurasia. McDonald Institute Monographs: Cambridge.
2004. Early Riders: The Beginnings of Mounted Warfare in Asia and Europe. Routledge: New York.
2002a. Complex societies and the possibilities to diagnose them on the basis of archaeological data: Sintashta type sites of the Middle Bronze Age of the Trans-Urals, pp. 139–47 in ( & , eds.) Complex Societies of Central Eurasia from the 3rd to 1st Millennium , vol. 1. Institute for the Study of Man: Washington, DC.
2002b. Yuzhnoye Zauralye v period srednei bronzy. Southern Ural State University: Chelyabinsk.
2005. Ranniye Kompleksniye Obshyestva Severa Tzentral’noi Evrazii (po materialam mogil’nika Kamennyi Ambar-5), Kniga 1. Nauka: Chelyabinsk.
2009. Pre-Scythian ceremonialism, deer stone art, and cultural intensification in northern Mongolia, pp. 378–411 in ( & , eds.) Social Complexity in Prehistoric Eurasia: Monuments, Metals and Mobility. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
2008. Pastoralist Landscapes and Social Interaction in Bronze Age Eurasia. University of California Press: Berkeley.
2009. Differentiated landscapes and non-uniform complexity among Bronze Age societies of the Eurasian Steppe, pp. 19–46 in ( & , eds.) Social Complexity in Prehistoric Eurasia: Monuments, Metals and Mobility. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
, &
1992. Sintashta: arkheologicheskiye pamyatniki ariyskikh plemen Uralo-Kazakhstanskikh stepi. Iuzhno-ural’skoe knizhnoe isdatel’stvo: Chelyabinsk.
1956. The Prehistory of Eastern Europe, pt. 1. American School of Prehistoric Research, Bulletin 20. Cambridge, MA.
1973. Old Europe c. 7000–3500 bc: the earliest European civilization before the infiltration of the Indo-European peoples. Journal of Indo-European Studies
1 (1): 1–20.Google Scholar
1980. Arzhan: tsarskiy kurgan ranneskifskogo vremeni. Nauka: Leningrad.
1984. Der Großkurgan von Arzan in Tuva, Südsibirien. Verlag C. H. Beck: Munich.
2002. The Eurasian steppe “nomadic world” of the first millennium bc: inherent problems within the study of Iron Age nomadic groups, pp. 183–97 in (, & , eds.) Ancient Interactions: East and West in Eurasia. McDonald Institute Monographs: Cambridge.
” 2009. Late prehistoric mining, metallurgy, and social organization in North Central Eurasia, pp. 146–67 in ( & K. Linduff, eds.) Social Complexity in Prehistoric Eurasia: Monuments, Metals and Mobility. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
&
2009. From scale to practice: a new agenda for the study of early metallurgy on the Eurasian steppe. Journal of World Prehistory
22 (4): 329–56.Google Scholar
, &
2007. Towards a refined chronology for the Bronze Age of the southern Urals, Russia. Antiquity
81: 333–67.Google Scholar
, , , , , &
2007. New perspectives on the Varna cemetery (Bulgaria) – AMS dates and social implications. Antiquity
81: 640–54.Google Scholar
1975. Razkopi na Varnenskiya eneoliten nekropol prez 1972 g. Izvestia n Narodniya Muzej Varna
11: 1–16.Google Scholar
” 1988. Die Ausgrabungen des Gräberfeldes von Varna, pp. 125–50 in ( & , eds.) Macht, Herrschaft und Gold: das Graberfeld von Varna (Bulgarien und die Anfänge einer neuen europäischen Zivilisation). Moderne Galerie des Saarland-Museums: Saarbrücken.
, , , , , , &
2002. Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
99: 10,905–10.Google Scholar
2009. The Horse in Human History. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
2007. The Making of Bronze Age Eurasia. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
&
2007. The Urals and Western Siberia in the Bronze and Iron Ages. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
2002. Nomadism, evolution and world-systems: pastoral societies in theories of historical development. Journal of World-Systems Research
8 (3): 368–88.Google Scholar
2002. Archaeology and language: the Indo-Iranians. Current Anthropology
43 (1): 63–88.Google Scholar
1989. In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology and Myth. Thames & Hudson: London.
&
2006. The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
& (eds.) 1982. Eneolit SSSR. Nauka: Moscow.
, , , , , , , , , &
2006. Evidence for biogeographic patterning of mitochondrial DNA sequences in Eastern horse populations. Animal Genetics
37 (5): 494–7.Google Scholar
1971. Scythians and Greeks: A Survey of Ancient History and Archaeology on the North Coast of the Euxine from the Danube to the Caucasus. Biblo and Tannen: New York.
&
1997. Cucuteni: the last great Chalcolithic civilization of old Europe, pp. 16–95 in (, & , eds.) Cucuteni: The Last Great Chalcolithic Civilization of Europe. Athena: Bucharest.
1959. Archaeology in the U.S.S.R. Foreign Languages Publishing House: Moscow.
1961. Archaeology in the U.S.S.R. Translated by M. Thompson. Penguin: Harmondsworth.
2005. Key points in Scythian history, pp. 33–8 in (, ed.) Scythians and Greeks: Cultural Interactions in Scythia, Athens and the Early Roman Empire (Sixth Century –First Century ad). University of Exeter Press: Exeter.
1998. The Eurasian spread zone and the Indo-European linguistic spread, pp. 220–66 in ( & , eds.) Archaeology and Language II: Correlating Archaeological and Linguistic Hypotheses. Routledge: London.
, , & (eds.) 2006. Horses and Humans: The Evolution of Human-Equine Relationships. Archaeopress: Oxford.
, &
2004. The transition from the Neolithic to the Copper Age: excavations at Vésztö-Bikeri. Journal of Field Archaeology
29: 101–21.Google Scholar
2006. Die Frühen Völker Eurasiens: Vom Neolithikum Bis Zum Mittelalter. Verlag C. H. Beck: Munich.
, &
2006. The Samara Bronze Age Metals Project: investigating changing technologies and transformations of value in the Western Eurasian steppes, pp. 322–42 in (, , & , eds.) Beyond the Steppe and the Sown: Proceedings of the 2002 University of Chicago Conference on Eurasian Archaeology. Colloquia Pontica 13. Brill: Leiden.
1999. The Eneolithic of the Black Sea steppe: dynamics of cultural and economic development 4500–2300 bc, pp. 59–182 in (, , & , eds.) Late Prehistoric Exploitation of the Eurasian Steppe. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
1969. The autonomy of the South-east European copper age. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society
36: 12–47.Google Scholar
1987. Archaeology and Language: The Puzzle of Indo-European Origins. Jonathan Cape: London.
2002. Pastoralism and interaction: some introductory questions, pp. 1–10 in (, & , eds.) Ancient Interactions: East and West in Eurasia. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
1922. Iranians and Greeks in Southern Russia. Clarendon Press: Oxford.
1970. Frozen Tombs of Siberia. Dent and Son: London.
1964. Prehistoric Technology: An Experimental Study of the Oldest Tools and Artefacts from Traces of Manufacture and Wear. Translated and with a preface by M. W. Thompson. Cory, Adams and Mackay: London.
1981. Plough and pastoralism: aspects of the Secondary Products Revolution, pp. 261–305 in (, & , eds.) Pattern of the Past: Studies in Honour of David Clarke. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
” 1983. The secondary exploitation of animals in the Old World. World Archaeology
15 (1): 90–104.Google Scholar
1985. Problemy proiskhozhdeniya kochevogo skotovodstva v vostochnoi Evrope, pp. 22–33 in (, ed.) Drevnosti Kalmykii. Kalmytskii nauchno-issledovatel’skii institut istorii, filologii i ekonomiki: Elista.
(ed.) 2000. Sezonnyi ekonomicheskii tsikl naseleniya severo-zapadnogo Prikaspiya v Bronzovom Veke, vol. 120. Trudy gosuarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya: Moscow.
&
1987. Piznotripil’ske poseleniya poblizu s. Maidanets’kogo na Cherkashchini. Arkheologiya (Kiev) 60: 58–71.Google Scholar
1996. Who Gets the Past? Competition for Ancestors among Non-Russian Intellectuals in Russia. Woodrow Wilson Center Press: Washington, D. C.
1999. Passions about Arkaim: Russian nationalism, the Aryans, and the politics of Archaeology. Inner Asia
1 (2): 267–82.Google Scholar
1987. The Belskoye City-site in the Scythian Period (the Town of Gelonos). Nauka: Kiev.
1994. Thracians, Scythians, and Dacians, 800 bc–ad 300, pp. 373–410 in (, ed.) The Oxford Illustrated History of Prehistoric Europe. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
2001. Believing the ancients: quantitative and qualitative dimensions of slavery and the slave trade in later prehistoric Eurasia. World Archaeology
33 (1): 27–43.Google Scholar
1986. Dereivka; A Settlement and Cemetery of Copper Age Horse Keepers on the Middle Dnieper. Edited by . Translated by . British Archaeological Reports, International Series 287. Archaeopress: Oxford.
1991. Neoliticheskie mogil’niki mariupol’skogo tipa. Naukovo Dumka; Kiev.
&
1987. Neolithic Cemeteries and Populations in the Dnieper Basin. Edited by . British Archaeological Reports, International Series 383. Archaeopress: Oxford.
1978. The Eneolithic in Bulgaria in the Fifth Millennium . British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.
1995. The Neolithic, Eneolithic and Transitional Period in Bulgarian prehistory, pp. 79–98 in ( & , eds.) Prehistoric Bulgaria. Prehistory Press: Madison.
2002. Die geographische Lage der Gräberfelder (mit drei Karten). Paläoklima, Strandverschiebungen und Umwelt der Dobrudscha im 6–4 Jahrtausend v Chr, pp. 16–23 in (, ed.) Die Prähistorischen Gräberfelder (Durankulak II). 2 vols. Deutsches Archäologisches Institut: Sofia.
2005. Masters and workshops of the jewellery and toreutics from fourth-century Scythian burial-mounds, pp. 56–63 in (, ed.) Scythians and Greeks: Cultural Interactions in Scythia, Athens and the Early Roman Empire (Sixth Century –First Century ad). University of Exeter Press: Exeter.
1989. A History of Archaeological Thought. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
2006. A History of Archaeology Thought.2nd ed. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
, , &
2006. The Kargaly Project: modeling Bronze Age landscapes in the steppe, pp. 279–84 in ( & , eds.) From Space to Place: 2nd International Conference on Remote Sensing in Archaeology. BAR International Series 1568. Archaeopress: Oxford.
1990. Zhilishchno-khozyaistvennye kompleksy poseleniya Maidanet’skoe I voprosu ikh interpretatsii, pp. 115–20 in (, ed.) Rannezemledel’cheskie Poseleniya-Giganty Tripol’skoi kul’tury na Ukraine. Vinnitskii pedagogicheskii institut: Tal’yanki.
&
1978. Palaeonematology: some recent evidence from Neolithic Bulgaria. Antiquity
52: 136–7.Google Scholar
1996. Europe in the Neolithic: The Creation of New Worlds. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
2000. “Scythian Triad” and “Scythian World”, pp. 3–8 in (, , & L. Yablonsky, eds.) Kurgans, Ritual Sites and Settlements: Eurasian Bronze and Iron Age. BAR International Series 890: Oxford.
2002. Arkaim: Nekropol’ (po materialam kurgana 25 Bol’shekaraganskogo mogil’nika). Yuzhno-Ural’skoe knizhnoe izdatel’stvo: Chelyabinsk.
&
2002. Planography of the fortified centers of the Middle Bronze Age in the southern Trans-Urals according to aerial photography data, pp. 121–47 in ( & , eds.) Complex Societies of Central Eurasia from the 3rd to 1st Millennium , vol. 1. Institute for the Study of Man: Washington, DC.
&
2002. The “Country of Towns” of the southern Trans-Urals and some aspects of steppe assimilation in the Bronze Age, pp. 249–63 in (, & , eds.) Ancient Interactions: East and West in Eurasia. McDonald Institute Monographs: Cambridge.
- 1
- Cited by