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3.19 - The Upper Palaeolithic of Europe

from VIII. - Europe and the Mediterranean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2014

By
João Zilhão
Edited by
Colin Renfrew  and
Paul Bahn
João Zilhão
Affiliation:
University of Barcelona
Colin Renfrew
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
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Summary

Concept and Definition

Over the last quarter century, discussions of the emergence of the Upper Palaeolithic (UP) have become intimately associated with disappearance of “archaic” humans and rise of “modernity” issues. As a consequence of the gradual blurring of previously perceived contrasts with the Middle Palaeolithic (MP) in technology, subsistence and site structure (Bar-Yosef & Kuhn 1999; Speth 2004), the definitional significance of ornaments and art was emphasised, with one strand of scientific opinion arguing that their sudden emergence in the European record in tandem with the replacement of Neanderthals by modern humans, about 40,000 years ago, could not be a coincidence (e.g., Klein 2003; Mellars 2004a, 2005). In this view, both processes ought to be explained by (a) the emergence of modern humans in Africa being a speciation event, (b) Neanderthals being a different species with less evolved capabilities, (c) art and personal ornamentation being material proxies for symbolic thinking and language and (d) the lack of such proxies in the MP proving that its makers were fundamentally different from present-day humans in biology, cognition and culture.

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The Cambridge World Prehistory , pp. 1753 - 1785
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

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