Ahern, J., Galea, S., Resnick, H., Kilpatrick, D., Bucuvalas, M., Gold, J., & Vlahov, D. (2002). Television images and psychological symptoms after the September 11 terrorist attacks. Psychiatry 65(4): 289–300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

APA (American Psychiatric Association) (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5™, 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar

Bilak, A., Caterina, M., Charron, G., Crozet, S., Díaz-Leal, L. R., Foster, F., et al. (2015). Global Overview 2015: People Internally Displaced by Conflict and Violence. Geneva, Switzerland: Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre.Google Scholar

Bonanno, G. A. (2005). Resilience in the face of potential trauma. Current Directions in Psychological Science 14: 135–8.Google Scholar

Bonanno, G. A., & Gupta, S. (2009). Resilience after disaster. In Neria, Y., Galea, S., & Norris, F. H. (eds.), Mental Health and Disasters. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 145–60.Google Scholar

Breslau, N., Kessler, R. C., Chilcoat, H. D., Schultz, L. R., Davis, G. C., & Andreski, P. (1998). Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in the community: the 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma. Archives of General Psychiatry 55: 626–32.Google Scholar

Bryant, R. A., & Litz, B. (2009). Mental health treatments in the wake of disaster. In Neria, Y., Galea, S., & Norris, F. H. (eds.), Mental Health and Disasters. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 321–35.Google Scholar

Buldyrev, S. V., Parshani, R., Paul, G., Stanley, H. E., & Havlin, S. (2010). Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks. Nature 464: 1025–8. doi: 10.1038/nature08932Google Scholar

Carr, V. J., Lewin, T. J., Webster, R. A., Kenardy, J. A., Hazell, P. L., & Carter, G. L. (1997). Psychosocial sequelae of the 1989 Newcastle earthquake: II. Exposure and morbidity profiles during the first 2 years post-disaster. Psychological Medicine 27: 167–78.Google Scholar

Cavallo, A. (2010). Risk Management in Complex Projects: An Exploratory Study to Managing Unknown Unknowns in Uncertain Environments. Saarbruecken, Germany: Lambert Academic.Google Scholar

Cavallo, A. (2014). Integrating disaster preparedness and resilience: a complex approach using system of systems. Australian Journal of Emergency Management 29: 46–51.Google Scholar

Cavallo, A., & Ireland, V. (2014). Preparing for complex interdependent risks: a system of systems approach to building disaster resilience. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 9: 181–93. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.05.001Google Scholar

Dalgleish, T., Joseph, S., Thrasher, S., Tranah, T., & Yule, W. (1996). Crisis support following the Herald of Free Enterprise disaster: a longitudinal perspective. Journal of Traumatic Stress 9: 833–45.Google ScholarPubMed

Dieltjens, T., Moonens, I., Van Praet, K., De Buck, E., & Vandekerckhove, P. (2014). A systematic literature search on psychological first aid: lack of evidence to develop guidelines. PLoS ONE 9(12): e114714. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone. 0114714CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Doctors without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières. (2010). Three Times Victims: Victims of Violence, Silence and Neglect: Armed Conflict and Mental Health in the Department of Caquetá, Colombia. www.lekari-bez-hranic.cz/cz/downloads/Three_time_victims.pdfGoogle Scholar

Doctors without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières–Holland. (2006). Living in fear: Colombia’s cycle of violence. www.msf.org.au/resources/reports/report/article/living-in-fearcolombias-cycle-of-violence.htmlGoogle Scholar

Dückers, M. L. A. (2013). Five essential principles of post-disaster psychosocial care: looking back and forward with Stevan Hobfoll. European Journal of Psychotraumatology 4: doi: 10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.21914Google Scholar

Elhai, J. D., & Ford, J. D. (2009). Utilization of mental health services after disasters. In Neria, Y., Galea, S., & Norris, F. H. (eds.), Mental Health and Disasters. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 366–86.Google Scholar

Galea, S., Ahern, J., Resnick, H., Kilpatrick, D., Bucuvalas, M., Gold, J., & Vlahov, D. (2002). Psychological sequelae of the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City. New England Journal of Medicine 346: 982–7. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa013404Google Scholar

Galea, S., Nandi, A., & Vlahov, D. (2005). The epidemiology of post-traumatic stress disorder after disasters. Epidemiologic Reviews 27: 78–91.Google Scholar

Galea, S., Vlahov, D., Resnick, H., Ahem, J., Susser, E., Gold, J., … Kilpatrick, D. (2003). Trends of probable post-traumatic stress disorder in New York City after the September 11 terrorist attacks. American Journal of Epidemiology 158: 514–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Goldenberg, M. N., Benedeck, D., & Ursano, R. (2012). Disaster victims and the response to trauma. In McQuistion, H. L., Sowers, W. E., Ranz, J. M., & Feldman, J. M. (eds.), Handbook of Community Psychiatry. New York: Springer, pp. 435–46.Google Scholar

Gordon, R. (1983). An operational classification of disease prevention. Public Health Reports 98: 107–9.Google Scholar

Green, B. L., Korol, M., Grace, M. C., Vary, M. G., Leonard, A. C., Gleser, G. C., & Smitson-Cohen, S. (1991). Children and disaster: age, gender, and parental effects on PTSD symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 30(6): 945–51.Google Scholar

Guha-Sapir, D., Hoyois, P., & Below, R. (2014). Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2013: The Numbers and Trends. Brussels, Belgium: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED).Google Scholar

Hagstrom, R. (1995). The acute psychological impact on survivors following a train accident. Journal of Traumatic Stress 8: 391–402.Google Scholar

Helbing, D. (2013). Globally networked risks and how to respond. Nature 497: 51–9. doi: 10.1038/nature12047Google Scholar

Helbing, D., Brockmann, D., Chadefaux, T., Donnay, K., Blanke, U., Woolley-Meza, O., & Perc, M. (2015). Saving human lives: what complexity science and information systems can contribute. Journal of Statistical Physics 158: 735–81Google Scholar

Hobfoll, S. E., Tracy, M., & Galea, S. (2006). The impact of resource loss and traumatic growth on probable PTSD and depression following terrorist attacks. Journal of Traumatic Stress 19: 867–78.Google Scholar

IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2012). Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Field, C. B., Barros, V., Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Dokken, D. J., Ebi, K. L., Mastrandrea, M. D., Mach, K. J., Plattner, G.-K., Allen, S. K., Tignor, M., & Midgley, P.M. (eds.). Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Johnson, N. (2007). Simply Complexity: A Clear Guide to Complexity Theory. London: Oneworld.Google Scholar

Kar, N. (2009). Psychological impact of disasters on children: review of assessment and interventions. World Journal of Pediatrics 5: 5–11.Google Scholar

Kim, Y. (2011). Great East Japan earthquake and early mental-health response. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 65: 539–48.Google Scholar

Kim, Y,. & Akiyama, T. (2011). Post-disaster mental health care in Japan. Lancet 378(9788): 317–18. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61169-0Google Scholar

Kim, Y., Abe, Y., Araki, H., Fujita, M., Iwai, K., Kato, H., … Yamamoto, K. (2004). Guideline for Local Mental Health Care Activities after a Disaster. Kodaira, Japan: National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Psychiatry and Neurology. www.ncnp.go.jp/nimh/seijin/EnglishDisasterMentalHealth.pdfGoogle Scholar

Londoño, A., Romero, P., & Casas, G. (2012). The association between armed conflict, violence and mental health: a cross sectional study comparing two populations in Cundinamarca department, Colombia. Conflict and Health 6: 12.Google Scholar

Lorenz, J., Battiston, S., & Schweitzer, F. (2009). Systemic risk in a unifying framework for cascading processes on networks. European Physical Journal B 71, 441–60.Google Scholar

Maes, M., Mylle, J., Delmeire, L., & Janca, A. (2001). Pre- and post-disaster negative life events in relation to the incidence and severity of post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Psychiatry Research 105: 1–12.Google Scholar

McFarlane, A. C., Van Hooff, M., & Goodhew, F. (2009). Anxiety disorders and PTSD. In Neria, Y., Galea, S., & Norris, F. H. (eds.), Mental Health and Disasters. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 47–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McNally, R. J., Bryant, R. A., & Ehlers, A. (2003). Psychological debriefing and its alternatives: a critique of early intervention for trauma survivors. Psychological Science in the Public Interest 4: 45–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nash, W. P., & Watson, P. J. (2012). Review of VA/DOD clinical practice guideline on management of acute stress and interventions to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development 49(5): 637–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

National Research Council and Institute of Medicine (2009). Preventing Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders among Young People: Progress and Possibilities. Committee on the Prevention of Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse among Children, Youth, and Young Adults: Research Advances and Promising Interventions. O’Connell, M. E., Boat, T. & Warner, K. E. (eds.), Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.Google Scholar

Neria, Y, Nandi, A, & Galea, S. (2008). Post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters: a systematic review. Psychological Medicine 38: 467–80.Google Scholar

Norris, F. H. (2009). The impact of disasters and political violence on mental health in Latin America. PTSD Research Quarterly 20(4): 1–7. www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/newsletters/research-quarterly/V20N4.Google Scholar

Norris, F., Friedman, M. J., Watson, P. J., Byrne, C., & Kaniasty, K. (2002). 60,000 disaster victims speak: Part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature: 1981–2001. Psychiatry 65: 207–39.Google Scholar

Norris, F. H., Tracy, M., & Galea, S. (2008). Looking for resilience: understanding the longitudinal trajectories of responses to stress. Social Science & Medicine 68: 2190–8.Google Scholar

North, C. S., Nixon, S. J., Shariat, S., Mallonee, S., McMillen, J. C., Spitznagel, E. L., & Smith, E. M. (1999). Psychiatric disorders among survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing. Journal of the American Medical Association 282(8): 755–62.Google Scholar

Pfefferbaum, B., Seale, T. W., McDonald, N. B., Brandt, E. N., Rainwater, S. M., Maynard, B. T., … Miller, P. D. (2000). Posttraumatic stress two years after the Oklahoma City bombing in youths geographically distant from the explosion. Psychiatry 63: 358–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Pulcino, T., Galea, S., Ahern, J., Resnick, H., Foley, M., & Vlahov, D. (2003). Posttraumatic stress in women after the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City. Journal of Women’s Health 12: 809–20.Google Scholar

Ramalingam, B., Jones, H., Toussainte, R., & Young, J. (2008). The Science of Complexity. Ideas and Implications for Development and Humanitarian Efforts 2nd ed. London: Overseas Development Institute.Google Scholar

Reifels, L., Pietrantoni, L., Prati, G., Yoshirahu, K., Kilpatrick, D. G., Dyb, G.,… O’Donnell, M. (2013). Lessons learned about psychosocial responses to disaster and mass trauma: an international perspective. European Journal of Psychotraumatology 4. doi: 10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.22897Google Scholar

Reissman, D. E., Schreiber, M. D., Shultz, J. M., & Ursano, R. J. (2009). Disaster mental and behavioral health. In Koenig, K. L., & Schultz, C. H. (eds.), Disaster Medicine. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 103–10.Google Scholar

Richards, A., Ospina-Duque, J., Barrera-Valencia, M., Escobar-Rincón, J., Ardila-Gutiérrez, M., Metzler, T., et al. (2011). Posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression symptoms, and psychosocial treatment needs in Colombians internally displaced by armed conflict: a mixed-method evaluation. Psychological Trauma 3: 384–93.Google Scholar

Schlenger, W. E., Caddell, J. M., Ebert, L., Jordan, B. K., Rourke, K. M., Wilson, D., … Kulka, R. A. (2002).Psychological reactions to terrorist attacks: findings from the national study of Americans’ reactions to September 11. Journal of the American Medical Association 288(5): 581–8.Google Scholar

Shi, P., Zu, W., Ye, T., He, C., Jing’ai, W., Li, N. (2011). Developing disaster risk science: discussion on the disaster reduction implementation science. Journal of Natural Disaster Science 32: 79–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Shultz, J. M. (2013a). Perspectives on disaster public health and disaster behavioral health integration. Disaster Health 1(2): 1–4.Google Scholar

Shultz, J. M. (2013b). Perspectives on disaster public health and disaster behavioral health integration. Dialogue 9(2): 2–6.Google Scholar

Shultz, J. M., Allen, A., Bustamante, H., & Espinel, Z. (2009). Safety Function Action for Disaster Responders: Training Module Guidebook. Miami, FL: DEEP Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.Google Scholar

Shultz, J. M., Espinel, Z., Cohen, R. E., Smith, R. G., & Flynn, B. W. (2006a). Disaster Behavioral Health: All-Hazards Training. Miami, FL: DEEP Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.Google Scholar

Shultz, J. M., Espinel, Z., Flynn, B. W., Hoffman, Y., & Cohen, R. E. (2007a). DEEP PREP: All-Hazards Disaster Behavioral Health Training. Tampa, FL: Disaster Life Support.Google Scholar

Shultz, J. M., Espinel, Z., Galea, S., Hicks, J., Shaw, J. A., & Miller, G. T. (2006b). SURGE, SORT, SUPPORT: Disaster Behavioral Health for Health Care Professionals. Tampa, FL: Disaster Life Support.Google Scholar

Shultz, J. M., Espinel, Z., Galea, S., & Reissman, D. E. (2007b). Disaster ecology: implications for disaster psychiatry. In Ursano, R. J., Fullerton, C. S., Weisaeth, L., & Raphael, B. (eds.), Textbook of Disaster Psychiatry. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 69–96.Google Scholar

Shultz, J. M., & Forbes, D. (2013). Psychological first aid: rapid proliferation and the search for evidence. Disaster Health 1(2): 1–10. doi: dx.doi.org/10.4161/dish.26006Google Scholar

Shultz, J. M., Forbes, D., Wald, D., Kelly, F., Solo-Gabriele, H. M., Rosen, A., Espinel, Z., McLean, A., Bernal, O., & Neria, Y. (2013a). Trauma signature of the Great East Japan Disaster provides guidance for the psychological consequences of the affected population. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 7(2): 201–14.Google Scholar

Shultz, J. M., Garfin, D. R., Espinel, Z., Araya, R., Oquendo, M. A., Wainberg, M. L., Chaskel, R., Gaviria, S. L., Ordoñez, A. E., Espinola, M., Wilson, F. E., Muñoz Garcia, N., Gomez Ceballos, A. M., Garcia-Barcena, Y., Verdeli, H., & Neria, Y. (2014a). Internally displaced “victims of armed conflict” in Colombia: the trajectory and trauma signature of forced migration. Current Psychiatry Reports 16(10): 475. doi: 10.1007/s11920-014-0475-7Google Scholar

Shultz, J. M., Gomez Ceballos, Á. M., Espinel, Z., Oliveros, S. R., Fonseca, M. F., & Hernandez Florez, L. J. (2014b). Internal displacement in Colombia. Disaster Health 2(1): 13–24. doi: 10.4161/dish.27885Google Scholar

Shultz, J. M., Kelly, F., Forbes, D., Leon, G. R., Verdeli, H., Rosen, A., & Neria, Y. (2011). Triple threat trauma: evidence-based mental health response for the 2011 Japan disaster. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26(3): 141–5.Google Scholar

Shultz, J. M., McLean, A., Herberman Mash, H. B., Rosen, A., Kelly, F., Solo-Gabriele, H. M., Youngs, G. A. Jr., Jensen, J., Bernal, O., & Neria, Y. (2013b). Mitigating flood exposure: reducing disaster risk and trauma signature. Disaster Health 1(1): 30–44.Google Scholar

Shultz, J. M., Muñoz García, N., Gomez Ceballos, Á. M., Hernandez Florez, L. J., Araya, R., Verdeli, H., Espinel, Z., Cipaguata Bolivar, S. P., & Neria, Y. (2014c). Outreach to internally displaced persons in Bogotá, Colombia: challenges and potential solutions. Disaster Health 2(2): 75–81. doi: 10.4161/21665044.2014.954500Google Scholar

Shultz, J. M., & Neria, Y. (2013) Trauma signature analysis: state of the art and evolving future directions. Disaster Health 1(1): 4–8. doi: dx.doi.org/10.4161/dish.24011Google Scholar

Shultz, J. M., Neria, Y., Allen, A., & Espinel, Z. (2013c). Psychological Impacts of Natural Disasters. In Bobrowsky, P. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer, pp. 779–91.Google Scholar

Sloan, P. (1988). Post-traumatic stress in survivors of an airplane crash-landing: a clinical and explanatory research intervention. Journal of Traumatic Stress 1: 211–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith, E. M., North, C. S., & Spitznagel, E. L. (1993). Post-traumatic stress in survivors of three disasters. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 8: 353–68.Google Scholar

Suzuki, Y., & Kim, Y. (2012). The Great East Japan earthquake in 2011: toward a sustainable mental health care system. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 21: 7–11.Google Scholar

Takeda, M. (2011). Mental health care and East Japan great earthquake. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 65: 207–12.Google Scholar

Tracy, M., Norris, F. H., & Galea, S. (2011). Differences in the determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression after a mass traumatic event. Depression and Anxiety 28: 666–75.Google Scholar

Udwin, O., Boyle, S., Yule, W., Bolton, D., & O’Ryan, D. (2000). Risk factors for long-term psychological effects of a disaster experience in adolescence: predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 41(8): 969–79.Google Scholar

Vlahov, D., Galea, S., Resnick, H., Ahern, J., Boscarino, J. A., Bucuvalas, M., … Kilpatrick, D. (2002). Increased use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana among Manhattan, New York, residents after the September 11th terrorist attacks. American Journal of Epidemiology 155(11): 988–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Walker, B., & Westley, F. (2011). Perspectives on resilience to disasters across sectors and cultures. Ecology and Society 16(2): 4. www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol16/iss2/art4/Google Scholar

Weiss, D. S., Marmar, C. R., Metzler, T. J., & Ronfeldt, H. M. (1995). Predicting symptomatic distress in emergency services personnel. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 63: 361–8.Google Scholar

WHO, WTF, WVI (World Health Organization, War Trauma Foundation, and World Vision International) (2011). Psychological First Aid: Guide for Field Workers. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.Google Scholar