The Intertidal Zone of the North-East Atlantic Region

Stephen J. Hawkins: Affiliation:
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth
Katrin Bohn: Affiliation:
Natural England
Louise B. Firth: Affiliation:
University of Plymouth
Gray A. Williams: Affiliation:
The University of Hong Kong

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Summary

The rocky shores of the north-east Atlantic have been long studied. Our focus is from Gibraltar to Norway plus the Azores and Iceland. Phylogeographic processes shape biogeographic patterns of biodiversity. Long-term and broadscale studies have shown the responses of biota to past climate fluctuations and more recent anthropogenic climate change. Inter- and intra-specific species interactions along sharp local environmental gradients shape distributions and community structure and hence ecosystem functioning. Shifts in domination by fucoids in shelter to barnacles/mussels in exposure are mediated by grazing by patellid limpets. Further south fucoids become increasingly rare, with species disappearing or restricted to estuarine refuges, caused by greater desiccation and grazing pressure. Mesoscale processes influence bottom-up nutrient forcing and larval supply, hence affecting species abundance and distribution, and can be proximate factors setting range edges (e.g., the English Channel, the Iberian Peninsula). Impacts of invasive non-native species are reviewed. Knowledge gaps such as the work on rockpools and host–parasite dynamics are also outlined.

Keywords

rocky shore intertidal distribution biogeography pattern and processes range limits ecosystem

Type: Chapter
Information: Interactions in the Marine Benthos
Global Patterns and Processes
, pp. 7 - 46

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108235792.003 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2019

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