Mucinous carcinomas of the ovary are a rare histologic subtype of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. These tumors occur in younger women and are more likely to be diagnosed when confined to the ovary. While these tumors have traditionally been treated in a manner similar to serous carcinomas, emerging evidence suggests that these tumors are biologically distinct and follow a unique natural history. Women with stage IC mucinous carcinomas have historically been treated with adjuvant platinum and taxane-based therapy. However, in addition to recognize the unique molecular underpinnings of mucinous carcinomas, currently available data suggests that women with mucinous tumors are less likely to respond to chemotherapy and that women with stage IC tumors do not have improved survival when treated with chemotherapy. As such, observation appears to be appropriate in women with stage IC mucinous tumors who have undergone complete resection and surgical staging.