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The Birth of the Citizenship Schools: Entwining the Struggles for Literacy and Freedom

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2017

David P. Levine
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In a 1981 interview, civil rights leader Andrew Young commented, “If you look at the black elected officials and the people who are political leaders across the South now, it's full of people who had their first involvement in civil rights in the Citizenship Training Program.” Informally known as Citizenship Schools, this adult education program began in 1958 under the sponsorship of Tennessee's Highlander Folk School, which handed it over to the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1961. By the time the project ended in 1970, approximately 2500 African Americans had taught these basic literacy and political education classes for tens of thousands of their neighbors. The program never had a high profile, but civil rights leaders and scholars assert that it helped to bring many people into the movement, cultivated grassroots leaders, and increased black participation in voting and other civic activities.

Type
Articles
Information
History of Education Quarterly , Volume 44 , Issue 3 , Fall 2004 , pp. 388 - 414
Copyright
Copyright © 2004 by the History of Education Society 

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