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Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with lifestyle habits in adults in Chile: a cross-sectional study from the National Health Survey 2016–2017

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 January 2023

Paulina Pettinelli ,
Tiziana Fernández ,
Carolina Aguirre ,
Francisco Barrera ,
Arnoldo Riquelme  and
Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo Open the ORCID record for Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo [Opens in a new window]
Paulina Pettinelli
Affiliation:
Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Tiziana Fernández
Affiliation:
Carrera de Kinesiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Carolina Aguirre
Affiliation:
Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Francisco Barrera
Affiliation:
Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Arnoldo Riquelme
Affiliation:
Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo*
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo (LABFEM), Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
*
*Corresponding author: Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo, Email rodrigofernandez@uft.cl
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Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents an excessive fat accumulation within the liver, usually associated with excess body weight. A liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, but it is inapplicable in population-based studies. In large populations, non-invasive methods could be used, which may also serve to identify potential protective factors. We aimed to (a) estimate NAFLD prevalence in the adult population in Chile by using non-invasive methods and (b) determine the association between the presence of NAFLD and lifestyle habits. The National Health Survey of Chile 2016–2017 was analysed. We included individuals aged 21–75 years, without infectious diseases nor risky alcohol consumption. NAFLD was detected by either fatty liver index (FLI; considers circulating TAG, circulating γ-glutamyl-transferase, BMI and waist circumference), lipid accumulation product (LAP; considers sex, circulating TAG and waist circumference) or their combination. Lifestyle habits were determined by questionnaires. We included 2774 participants, representative of 10 599 094 (9 831 644, 11 366 544) adults in Chile. NAFLD prevalence (95 % CI) was 39·4 % (36·2, 42·8) by FLI, 27·2 % (24·2, 30·4) by LAP and 23·5 % (20·7, 26·5) by their combination. The prevalence progressively increased with increasing BMI. Of note, less smoking and more moderate-vigorous physical activity and whole-grain consumption were associated with lower odds of having NAFLD, independently of BMI. At least one out of four adults in Chile is afflicted with NAFLD. Health promotion strategies focused on controlling excess body weight and promoting specific lifestyle habits are urgently required.

Keywords

ObesityExerciseDietSmokingPublic health
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 130 , Issue 6 , 28 September 2023 , pp. 1036 - 1046
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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