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From the Renaissance to the nineteenth century, Latin and Greek were compulsory subjects in almost all European universities, and most early modern scholars published their research and conducted international correspondence in Latin. Latin had continued in use in Western Europe long after the fall of the Roman Empire as the lingua franca of the educated classes and of law, diplomacy, religion and university teaching. The flight of Greek scholars to the West after the fall of Constantinople in 1453 gave impetus to the study of ancient Greek literature and the Greek New Testament. Eventually, just as nineteenth-century reforms of university curricula were beginning to erode this ascendancy, developments in textual criticism and linguistic analysis, and new ways of studying ancient societies, especially archaeology, led to renewed enthusiasm for the Classics. This collection offers works of criticism, interpretation and synthesis by the outstanding scholars of the nineteenth century.

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502 results in Cambridge Library Collection - Classics

Page 2 of 26

Pindari opera quae supersunt
  • Edited by August Böckh
  • Pindar
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    31 October 2013
  • One of the foremost scholars of his day, the German classicist August Böckh (1785–1867) was chosen by the Berlin Academy of Sciences as the first editor of the monumental Corpus inscriptionum graecarum. Before that he had published this groundbreaking edition of the extant works of the Greek poet Pindar (c.522–c.443 BCE) in two volumes, the second being split into two parts. The first volume, published in 1811, contains the only complete surviving works of Pindar, the victory odes (Epinikia). The first part of the second volume, published in 1819, contained the ancient Greek scholia. This final part, published in 1821, contains the editor's own Latin translations of Pindar's poems, with a Latin preface and extensive critical commentary. Pindarian fragments in Greek are also included, accompanied by further Latin translations and notes. The volume concludes with thorough indexes.

Die Römische Tragödie im Zeitalter der Republik
  • Otto Ribbeck
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    24 October 2013
  • An influential German classical scholar and textual critic, Johann Carl Otto Ribbeck (1827–98) published several important works on Roman poetry, notably Geschichte der römischen Dichtung. His two volumes of Virgil's works (second edition, 1894–5) are reissued in this series. First published in 1875, the present work provides a detailed account of the emergence and development of Roman tragedy during the Republic. The book begins with an introduction that discusses how Greek tragedy served as a model for Roman writers. Ribbeck then goes on to outline the most important authors and their works. Among these are Livius Andronicus, celebrated as the father of Latin literature, and Quintus Ennius, regarded as the mediator between Greek and Roman poetry. The final sections of the book deal with the art form of Roman tragedy and its performance on stage.

Aeneidea
  • Or Critical, Exegetical, and Aesthetical Remarks on the Aeneis
  • Volume 4, Books X, XI, and XII
  • James Henry
  • Published online:
    05 March 2014
    Print publication:
    03 October 2013
  • Born in Dublin and classically educated at Trinity College, James Henry (1798–1876) practised as a doctor for more than twenty years before an inheritance enabled him to focus on the textual study of Virgil's Aeneid. Travelling extensively across Europe, Henry conferred with eminent scholars and consulted numerous manuscripts. His early findings (also reissued in this series) first appeared in 1853. After the death of his wife, he was accompanied and assisted by his sole surviving daughter, Katherine Olivia, who would also predecease him, three years after their final return to Ireland in 1869. Published between 1873 and 1892, this monumental commentary was seen through the press by colleagues following Henry's own death. Reflecting its author's passion and personality, the work remains a landmark in Virgilian scholarship, both celebrated and critiqued for its original and challenging approach. This fourth volume, covering Books X-XII, appeared in 1889.

Aeneidea
  • Or Critical, Exegetical, and Aesthetical Remarks on the Aeneis
  • Volume 3, Books V, VI, VII, VIII, and IX
  • James Henry
  • Published online:
    05 March 2014
    Print publication:
    03 October 2013
  • Born in Dublin and classically educated at Trinity College, James Henry (1798–1876) practised as a doctor for more than twenty years before an inheritance enabled him to focus on the textual study of Virgil's Aeneid. Travelling extensively across Europe, Henry conferred with eminent scholars and consulted numerous manuscripts. His early findings (also reissued in this series) first appeared in 1853. After the death of his wife, he was accompanied and assisted by his sole surviving daughter, Katherine Olivia, who would also predecease him, three years after their final return to Ireland in 1869. Published between 1873 and 1892, this monumental commentary was seen through the press by colleagues following Henry's own death. Reflecting its author's passion and personality, the work remains a landmark in Virgilian scholarship, both celebrated and critiqued for its original and challenging approach. This third volume, covering Books V-IX, appeared in 1889.

Aeneidea
  • Or Critical, Exegetical, and Aesthetical Remarks on the Aeneis
  • Volume 2, Books II, III, and IV
  • James Henry
  • Published online:
    05 March 2014
    Print publication:
    03 October 2013
  • Born in Dublin and classically educated at Trinity College, James Henry (1798–1876) practised as a doctor for more than twenty years before an inheritance enabled him to focus on the textual study of Virgil's Aeneid. Travelling extensively across Europe, Henry conferred with eminent scholars and consulted numerous manuscripts. His early findings (also reissued in this series) first appeared in 1853. After the death of his wife, he was accompanied and assisted by his sole surviving daughter, Katherine Olivia, who would also predecease him, three years after their final return to Ireland in 1869. Published between 1873 and 1892, this monumental commentary was seen through the press by colleagues following Henry's own death. Reflecting its author's passion and personality, the work remains a landmark in Virgilian scholarship, both celebrated and critiqued for its original and challenging approach. This second volume, covering Books II-IV, appeared in 1878.

Aeneidea
  • Or Critical, Exegetical, and Aesthetical Remarks on the Aeneis
  • Volume 5, Indices
  • James Henry
  • Published online:
    05 March 2014
    Print publication:
    03 October 2013
  • Born in Dublin and classically educated at Trinity College, James Henry (1798–1876) practised as a doctor for more than twenty years before an inheritance enabled him to focus on the textual study of Virgil's Aeneid. Travelling extensively across Europe, Henry conferred with eminent scholars and consulted numerous manuscripts. His early findings (also reissued in this series) first appeared in 1853. After the death of his wife, he was accompanied and assisted by his sole surviving daughter, Katherine Olivia, who would also predecease him, three years after their final return to Ireland in 1869. Published between 1873 and 1892, this monumental commentary was seen through the press by colleagues following Henry's own death. Reflecting its author's passion and personality, the work remains a landmark in Virgilian scholarship, both celebrated and critiqued for its original and challenging approach. This final volume, comprising an index of names and matters, and an index of authors quoted, appeared in 1892.

Aeneidea
  • Or Critical, Exegetical, and Aesthetical Remarks on the Aeneis
  • Volume 1, Book I
  • James Henry
  • Published online:
    05 March 2014
    Print publication:
    03 October 2013
  • Born in Dublin and classically educated at Trinity College, James Henry (1798–1876) practised as a doctor for more than twenty years before an inheritance enabled him to focus on the textual study of Virgil's Aeneid. Travelling extensively across Europe, Henry conferred with eminent scholars and consulted numerous manuscripts. His early findings (also reissued in this series) first appeared in 1853. After the death of his wife, he was accompanied and assisted by his sole surviving daughter, Katherine Olivia, who would also predecease him, three years after their final return to Ireland in 1869. Published between 1873 and 1892, this monumental commentary was seen through the press by colleagues following Henry's own death. Reflecting its author's passion and personality, the work remains a landmark in Virgilian scholarship, both celebrated and critiqued for its original and challenging approach. This first volume, covering Book I, appeared in 1873.

Quaestiones Archimedeae
  • Edited by Johan Ludvig Heiberg
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    27 June 2013
  • Published in 1879, this Latin dissertation was the first substantial work on Archimedes by the Danish philologist and historian Johan Ludvig Heiberg (1854–1928), who the following year embarked on editing the three-volume Archimedis Opera Omnia (also reissued in this series). Much later, in 1906, he discovered a palimpsest containing previously unknown works by the Greek mathematician. The Quaestiones includes chapters on the life of the famous scientist of Syracuse, a discussion of his works and explanations of his mathematical and scientific ideas, as well as a survey of the extant codices known to the author. It also contains the Greek text, edited and annotated by Heiberg, of Archimedes' Psammites (The Sand Reckoner), a mathematical enquiry into how many grains of sand would fit in the universe. This includes mention of a heliocentric solar system, speculation about the size of the Earth, and Archimedes' other views on astronomy.

Archimedis Opera Omnia
  • Volume 2
  • Archimedes
  • Edited by Johan Ludvig Heiberg
  • Published online:
    05 March 2014
    Print publication:
    18 April 2013
  • Published in 1880–1, this three-volume edition of the extant works of the Greek mathematician Archimedes of Syracuse (c.287–c.212 BCE) was edited by the Danish philologist and historian Johan Ludvig Heiberg (1854–1928), whose Quaestiones Archimedeae (1879) is also reissued in this series. He later discovered a medieval palimpsest containing lost works by Archimedes, which significantly expanded the canon, but the present collection was produced long before this and therefore contains the works known at the time of publication. Heiberg consulted a Florentine codex, which he painstakingly compared with other sources to produce his edition. This second volume contains On Spirals, On the Equilibrium of Planes, The Sand Reckoner, The Quadrature of the Parabola, On Floating Bodies, the Liber Assumptorum (now thought to be apocryphal), the cattle problem and fragments. The texts are given in the original Greek with parallel Latin translation, notes and introductory material.

Archimedis Opera Omnia
  • Volume 1
  • Archimedes
  • Edited by Johan Ludvig Heiberg
  • Published online:
    05 March 2014
    Print publication:
    18 April 2013
  • Published in 1880–1, this three-volume edition of the extant works of the Greek mathematician Archimedes of Syracuse (c.287–c.212 BCE) was edited by the Danish philologist and historian Johan Ludvig Heiberg (1854–1928), whose Quaestiones Archimedeae (1879) is also reissued in this series. He later discovered a medieval palimpsest containing lost works by Archimedes, which significantly expanded the canon, but the present collection was produced long before this and therefore contains the works known at the time of publication. Heiberg consulted a Florentine codex, which he painstakingly compared with other sources to produce his edition. This first volume contains On the Sphere and the Cylinder (in two books), On the Measurement of a Circle and On Conoids and Spheroids. The texts are given in the original Greek with parallel Latin translation, notes and introductory material.

Archimedis Opera Omnia
  • Volume 3
  • Archimedes
  • Edited by Johan Ludvig Heiberg
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    18 April 2013
  • Published in 1880–1, this three-volume edition of the extant works of the Greek mathematician Archimedes of Syracuse (c.287–c.212 BCE) was edited by the Danish philologist and historian Johan Ludvig Heiberg (1854–1928), whose Quaestiones Archimedeae (1879) is also reissued in this series. He later discovered a medieval palimpsest containing lost works by Archimedes, which significantly expanded the canon, but the present collection was produced long before this and therefore contains the works known at the time of publication. Heiberg consulted a Florentine codex, which he painstakingly compared with other sources to produce his edition. This third volume contains the editor's Latin prolegomena - his own extended essay on the works of Archimedes - followed by the commentaries on Archimedes by Eutocius of Ascalon (c.480–c.540) and indexes. The texts are given in the original Greek with parallel Latin translation, notes and introductory material.

Graecae Grammaticae Rudimenta
  • In Usum Scholarum
  • Charles Wordsworth
  • Published online:
    05 July 2011
    Print publication:
    10 June 2010
  • Charles Wordsworth's Graecae Grammaticae Rudimenta in Usum Scholarum was, for decades, the foundational Greek grammar in England. Wordsworth, a nephew of the poet, a master at Winchester College and later bishop of St Andrews, Dunkeld, and Dublane, used his expertise in teaching the classical languages to produce a clear, practical introduction to Greek, beginning with the alphabet and progressing through the declension of nouns and adjectives, the conjugations of verbs, and the fundamentals of syntax. In striving not to replace the standard Eton Grammar but rather to refine and revise it, Wordsworth succeeded in composing a book that one fellow master called 'most distinct, easy of conception for the boys, and lucidly arranged'. This ninth edition (1853) includes the author's full emendations to the text.

Galen on Anatomical Procedures
  • The Later Books
  • Galen
  • Translated by Wynfrid Laurence Henry Duckworth
  • Edited by M.C. Lyons, B. Towers
  • Published online:
    05 October 2010
    Print publication:
    11 March 2010
    First published in:
    1962
  • Galen was probably the greatest medical writer of antiquity and certainly the most prolific. His Anatomical Procedures (c. 200 CE) embodies the results of a lifetime of practical research; it is largely based on verbatim notes of lectures delivered during actual demonstrations of dissection. The work comprises fifteen books, of which only the first eight-and-a-half have survived in the original Greek. An Arabic translation of the complete work has survived, however, and this has made possible the translation of the final six-and-a-half books (parts of book 9 and books 10–15). Duckworth's translation was originally made from a German translation of 1906, but for this 1962 edition it was revised by Lyons, working directly from the Arabic text, with the co-operation of Towers. Modern names for the parts of the body are inserted in brackets, and an anatomical index is supplied.

Latin Elegiac Verse
  • A Study of the Metrical Usages of Tibullus, Propertius and Ovid
  • Maurice Platnauer
  • Published online:
    05 August 2013
    Print publication:
    18 April 2013
    First published in:
    1951
  • Maurice Platnauer (1887–1974) published this seminal study of the metrical practices of the great Augustan elegists in 1951, and it is yet to be superseded. Principal of Brasenose College, Oxford, between 1956 and 1960, Platnauer examined every conceivable aspect of the versification of the three principal Latin elegiac poets, Tibullus, Propertius and Ovid, scrutinising in turn their prosody, word use and idiom. The book contains numerous tables of statistics comparing the frequency of various metrical and idiomatic usages among the three authors, including the placement of caesuras, use of elision, dactylic opening feet and polysyllabic line endings. This wealth of technical detail is offset by Platnauer's keen appreciation of the ultimate poetic purpose of these prosodic investigations: he explicitly hopes that the book will prove to be of use not only to teachers, but also to the 'not yet quite extinct genera' of writers of Latin verse.

Zeus
  • A Study in Ancient Religion
  • Volume 3, Zeus God of the Dark Sky (Earthquakes, Clouds, Wind, Dew, Rain, Meteorites), Part 2, Appendixes and Index
  • A. B. Cook
  • Published online:
    05 March 2012
    Print publication:
    21 October 2010
    First published in:
    1940
  • The renowned classical scholar and archaeologist A. B. Cook (1868–1952) published the final volume of his monumental Zeus: A Study in Ancient Religion in two parts in 1940. The volume covers the theme of Zeus as a weather-god - the god of earthquakes, clouds, wind, dew, rain and meteorites - an idea that became common during the classical period. Part 2 contains three detailed appendixes on floating islands, the iconography of Eros and the idea of hierogamy. It includes a comprehensive index for the volume and addenda for all three volumes, and contains a rich selection of illustrations: maps, diagrams, photographs, and engravings, including many images of ancient pottery, statues, busts, friezes and ancient coins. A treasure-trove of primary texts, both Greek and Latin, epigraph material and archaeological data, this magnificent work remains an indispensable tool for students and scholars of classics, mythology and ancient religion.

Zeus
  • A Study in Ancient Religion
  • Volume 3, Zeus God of the Dark Sky (Earthquakes, Clouds, Wind, Dew, Rain, Meteorites), Part 1, Text and Notes
  • A. B. Cook
  • Published online:
    05 July 2015
    Print publication:
    21 October 2010
    First published in:
    1940
  • The renowned classical scholar and archaeologist A. B. Cook (1868–1952) published the final volume of his monumental Zeus: A Study in Ancient Religion in 1940. Part I, which contains the main body of text for the volume, weaves together archaeological, artistic and ancient literary evidence to explore the concept of Zeus as a weather-god - the god of earthquakes, clouds, wind, dew, rain and meteorites. In this final volume Cook draws together his conclusions on the major theme spanning all three volumes: Zeus as god of the sky. This sumptuous work, encyclopaedic in its breath, is a treasure-trove of primary texts, epigraph material and archaeological data. It contains hundreds of illustrations, including images of pottery, statues, friezes and ancient coins and the most important literary sources, both Greek and Latin, are quoted in full. It is an indispensable tool for students and scholars of classics, mythology and ancient religion.

The Greeks in Bactria and India
  • William Woodthorpe Tarn
  • Published online:
    10 November 2010
    Print publication:
    24 June 2010
    First published in:
    1938
  • Written by a highly regarded scholar in the field, this is the first published study on the Greek kingdoms of Bactria and India that treats them as Hellenistic states. The book begins with an overview of the Seleucid settlement, providing a background to the relations between Greeks and Asiatics after the death of Alexander the Great. Covering the period from 206 to 145 BCE, the book analyses the reigns of Euthydemus I, Demetrius I and Menander I, and explains how they accomplished Alexander's dream of co-operation instead of domination in the eastern provinces. Tarn's work examines this little-discussed topic and presents it to the reader in a clear and accessible style, making this a great scholarly contribution that remains unsurpassed in breadth and depth. The second edition from 1966 (reissued here) includes an Addendum explaining the further discoveries since the work was first published in 1951.

Aftermath
  • A Supplement to The Golden Bough
  • James George Frazer
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    29 August 2013
    First published in:
    1936
  • The Scottish social anthropologist Sir James Frazer (1854–1941) first published The Golden Bough in 1890. A seminal two-volume work (reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection), it revolutionised the study of ancient religion through comparative analysis of mythology, rituals and superstitions around the world. Following the completion in 1915 of the revised twelve-volume third edition (also available in this series), Frazer found that he had more to say and further evidence to present. Published in 1936, Aftermath was conceived as a supplement to The Golden Bough, offering his additional findings on such topics as magic, royal and priestly taboos, sacrifice, reincarnation, and all manner of supernatural beliefs spanning cultures, continents and millennia. Sealing Frazer's profound contribution to the study of religion and folklore, this work remains an important text for scholars of anthropology and the history of ideas.

Astronomicon
  • Volume 5, Liber Quintus
  • Marcus Manilius
  • Edited by A. E. Housman
  • Published online:
    05 March 2012
    Print publication:
    19 May 2011
    First published in:
    1930
  • Both the author and the date of this five-volume poem, the first Western document to link the houses of the zodiac with the course of human affairs, are uncertain. The author's name may be Marcus Manilius, or Manlius, or Mallius, and the latest datable event mentioned in the books themselves is the disastrous defeat of Varus' Roman legions by the German tribes in 9 CE. The writing shows knowledge of the work of Lucretius, but the work is not referred to by any subsequent writer, suggesting that it was never widely disseminated. A manuscript was rediscovered by Poggio Bracciolini in 1416 or 1417, and editions were produced by Scaliger and Bentley, but this immensely erudite edition of 1903–1930 by the scholar and poet A. E. Housman (1859–1936) is regarded as authoritative. Volume 5 (which is unfinished) describes the non-zodiacal signs and their influence.

Hellenistic Military and Naval Developments
  • William Woodthorpe Tarn
  • Published online:
    05 October 2010
    Print publication:
    17 June 2010
    First published in:
    1930
  • First published in 1930, this is a collection of essays by the noted classical scholar W. W. Tarn, originally delivered as Lees Knowles Lectures in Military History at Trinity College, Cambridge. Tarn draws on a range of sources to trace the history and development of warfare in the Hellenistic period, with particular emphasis on military strategy under Alexander the Great. The first lecture outlines the role of infantry, analysing the weaponry used in various battles. In the second lecture, Tarn examines the development of cavalry, its history in Macedonia, Thessaly and Iran, and its use of elephants and camels. The final lecture explores improvements in siege and naval methods, with particular attention to advancements in artillery. Providing valuable insight into a period of extensive military innovation, this book gives an overview of the military and naval arts and sciences of the Hellenistic era.

Page 2 of 26