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Page 1 of 4

  • 3 - Media, Journalism, and the Third Wave of Democratization in Former Communist Countries
    • from Part Two - Issues
  • Edited by Sabrina P. Ramet, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Christine M. Hassenstab, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim
  • Book: Central and Southeast European Politics since 1989
  • Published online: 16 September 2019
  • Print publication: 03 October 2019, pp 59-78
  • View extract

    Summary

    The conviction after communism’s overthrow in 1989–1992 that the regions’ countries would rapidly evolve into liberal democracies with reciprocally helpful media systems was unfounded. The expectations that the process of socio-political democratization would unfold in tandem with the professionalization of the media, i.e., the adoption and application of Western-like journalistic ethics and practices, was a highly idealized hope, lacking a realistic assessment of its contextual possibilities. In the aggregate, Western media and journalism models have not taken hold, even if, as pointed out, some individual exceptions to the rule are discernible.

  • The Impact of Cohousing on Older Adults’ Quality of Life
  • Vivian Puplampu, Elise Matthews, Gideon Puplampu, Murray Gross, Sushila Pathak, Sarah Peters
  • Journal: Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement / Volume 39 / Issue 3 / September 2020
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 August 2019, pp. 406-420
  • Print publication: September 2020
  • View abstract

    The global population including Canada’s is aging, which demands planning for housing that will support older adults’ quality of life. This mixed-method study is the first Canadian study to examine the impact of cohousing on older adults’ quality of life and involved 23 participants. The older adults rated their quality of life very high, especially in the environmental, physical, and psychological domains of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL_BREF) survey; quality of life in the social domain was rated low, which was surprising in light of the focus group data findings. Four themes of “belonging in a community”, “life in the community”, “changes associated with aging,” and “aging in place” emerged from the qualitative data to explain factors that influence older adults’ quality of life. This research provides foundational, strong evidence that seniors’ cohousing is an innovative housing solution that can support older adults’ quality of life.

  • Integration of genomic and clinical data augments surveillance of healthcare-acquired infections
  • Doyle V. Ward, Andrew G. Hoss, Raivo Kolde, Helen C. van Aggelen, Joshua Loving, Stephen A. Smith, Deborah A. Mack, Raja Kathirvel, Jeffery A. Halperin, Douglas J. Buell, Brian E. Wong, Judy L. Ashworth, Mary M. Fortunato-Habib, Liyi Xu, Bruce A. Barton, Peter Lazar, Juan J. Carmona, Jomol Mathew, Ivan S. Salgo, Brian D. Gross, Richard T. Ellison III
  • Journal: Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 40 / Issue 6 / June 2019
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 April 2019, pp. 649-655
  • Print publication: June 2019
  • View abstract
    Background:

    Determining infectious cross-transmission events in healthcare settings involves manual surveillance of case clusters by infection control personnel, followed by strain typing of clinical/environmental isolates suspected in said clusters. Recent advances in genomic sequencing and cloud computing now allow for the rapid molecular typing of infecting isolates.

    Objective:

    To facilitate rapid recognition of transmission clusters, we aimed to assess infection control surveillance using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of microbial pathogens to identify cross-transmission events for epidemiologic review.

    Methods:

    Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were obtained prospectively at an academic medical center, from September 1, 2016, to September 30, 2017. Isolate genomes were sequenced, followed by single-nucleotide variant analysis; a cloud-computing platform was used for whole-genome sequence analysis and cluster identification.

    Results:

    Most strains of the 4 studied pathogens were unrelated, and 34 potential transmission clusters were present. The characteristics of the potential clusters were complex and likely not identifiable by traditional surveillance alone. Notably, only 1 cluster had been suspected by routine manual surveillance.

    Conclusions:

    Our work supports the assertion that integration of genomic and clinical epidemiologic data can augment infection control surveillance for both the identification of cross-transmission events and the inclusion of missed and exclusion of misidentified outbreaks (ie, false alarms). The integration of clinical data is essential to prioritize suspect clusters for investigation, and for existing infections, a timely review of both the clinical and WGS results can hold promise to reduce HAIs. A richer understanding of cross-transmission events within healthcare settings will require the expansion of current surveillance approaches.

  • Neuropsychological deficits in participants at clinical high risk for psychosis recruited from the community: relationships to functioning and clinical symptoms
  • Kate Haining, Claire Matrunola, Lucy Mitchell, Ruchika Gajwani, Joachim Gross, Andrew I. Gumley, Stephen M. Lawrie, Matthias Schwannauer, Frauke Schultze-Lutter, Peter J. Uhlhaas
  • Journal: Psychological Medicine / Volume 50 / Issue 1 / January 2020
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 March 2019, pp. 77-85
  • Print publication: January 2020
  • View abstract
    Background

    The current study examined the pattern of neurocognitive impairments in a community-recruited sample of clinical high-risk (CHR) participants and established relationships with psychosocial functioning.

    Methods

    CHR-participants (n = 108), participants who did not fulfil CHR-criteria (CHR-negatives) (n = 42) as well as a group of healthy controls (HCs) (n = 55) were recruited. CHR-status was assessed using the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS) and the Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument, Adult Version (SPI-A). The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia Battery (BACS) as well as tests for emotion recognition, working memory and attention were administered. In addition, role and social functioning as well as premorbid adjustment were assessed.

    Results

    CHR-participants were significantly impaired on the Symbol-Coding and Token-Motor task and showed a reduction in total BACS-scores. Moreover, CHR-participants were characterised by prolonged response times (RTs) in emotion recognition as well as by reductions in both social and role functioning, GAF and premorbid adjustments compared with HCs. Neurocognitive impairments in emotion recognition accuracy, emotion recognition RT, processing speed and motor speed were associated with several aspects of functioning explaining between 4% and 12% of the variance.

    Conclusion

    The current data obtained from a community sample of CHR-participants highlight the importance of dysfunctions in motor and processing speed and emotion recognition RT. Moreover, these deficits were found to be related to global, social and role functioning, suggesting that neurocognitive impairments are an important aspect of sub-threshold psychotic experiences and a possible target for therapeutic interventions.

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