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92 results

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  • A systematic review of potential habitat suitability for the jaguar Panthera onca in central Arizona and New Mexico, USA
  • Eric W. Sanderson, Kim Fisher, Rob Peters, Jon P. Beckmann, Bryan Bird, Curtis M. Bradley, Juan Carlos Bravo, Melissa M. Grigione, James R. Hatten, Carlos A. Lopez González, Kurt Menke, Jennifer R. B. Miller, Philip S. Miller, Cristina Mormorunni, Michael J. Robinson, Robert E. Thomas, Sharon Wilcox
  • Journal: Oryx , First View
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 March 2021, pp. 1-12
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    In April 2019, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) released its recovery plan for the jaguar Panthera onca after several decades of discussion, litigation and controversy about the status of the species in the USA. The USFWS estimated that potential habitat, south of the Interstate-10 highway in Arizona and New Mexico, had a carrying capacity of c. six jaguars, and so focused its recovery programme on areas south of the USA–Mexico border. Here we present a systematic review of the modelling and assessment efforts over the last 25 years, with a focus on areas north of Interstate-10 in Arizona and New Mexico, outside the recovery unit considered by the USFWS. Despite differences in data inputs, methods, and analytical extent, the nine previous studies found support for potential suitable jaguar habitat in the central mountain ranges of Arizona and New Mexico. Applying slightly modified versions of the USFWS model and recalculating an Arizona-focused model over both states provided additional confirmation. Extending the area of consideration also substantially raised the carrying capacity of habitats in Arizona and New Mexico, from six to 90 or 151 adult jaguars, using the modified USFWS models. This review demonstrates the crucial ways in which choosing the extent of analysis influences the conclusions of a conservation plan. More importantly, it opens a new opportunity for jaguar conservation in North America that could help address threats from habitat losses, climate change and border infrastructure.

  • Status of the Prevention of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in International Settings: A Survey of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America Research Network
  • Nasia Safdar, Sharmila Sengupta, Jackson S. Musuuza, Manisha Juthani-Mehta, Marci Drees, Lilian M Abbo, Aaron M. Milstone, Jon P. Furuno, Meera Varman, Deverick J. Anderson, Daniel J. Morgan, Loren G. Miller, Graham M. Snyder, the SHEA Research Committee
  • Journal: Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 38 / Issue 1 / January 2017
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 November 2016, pp. 53-60
  • Print publication: January 2017
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    OBJECTIVE

    To examine self-reported practices and policies to reduce infection and transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) in healthcare settings outside the United States.

    DESIGN

    Cross-sectional survey.

    PARTICIPANTS

    International members of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network.

    METHODS

    Electronic survey of infection control and prevention practices, capabilities, and barriers outside the United States and Canada. Participants were stratified according to their country’s economic development status as defined by the World Bank as low-income, lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income.

    RESULTS

    A total of 76 respondents (33%) of 229 SHEA members outside the United States and Canada completed the survey questionnaire, representing 30 countries. Forty (53%) were high-, 33 (43%) were middle-, and 1 (1%) was a low-income country. Country data were missing for 2 respondents (3%). Of the 76 respondents, 64 (84%) reported having a formal or informal antibiotic stewardship program at their institution. High-income countries were more likely than middle-income countries to have existing MDRO policies (39/64 [61%] vs 25/64 [39%], P=.003) and to place patients with MDRO in contact precautions (40/72 [56%] vs 31/72 [44%], P=.05). Major barriers to preventing MDRO transmission included constrained resources (infrastructure, supplies, and trained staff) and challenges in changing provider behavior.

    CONCLUSIONS

    In this survey, a substantial proportion of institutions reported encountering barriers to implementing key MDRO prevention strategies. Interventions to address capacity building internationally are urgently needed. Data on the infection prevention practices of low income countries are needed.

    Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2016:1–8

  • Dairy consumption and CVD: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  • Dominik D. Alexander, Lauren C. Bylsma, Ashley J. Vargas, Sarah S. Cohen, Abigail Doucette, Muhima Mohamed, Sarah R. Irvin, Paula E. Miller, Heather Watson, Jon P. Fryzek
  • Journal: British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 115 / Issue 4 / 28 February 2016
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 January 2016, pp. 737-750
  • Print publication: 28 February 2016
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    Inverse associations between dairy consumption and CVD have been reported in several epidemiological studies. Our objective was to conduct a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies of dairy intake and CVD. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify studies that reported risk estimates for total dairy intake, individual dairy products, low/full-fat dairy intake, Ca from dairy sources and CVD, CHD and stroke. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to generate summary relative risk estimates (SRRE) for high v. low intake and stratified intake dose–response analyses. Additional dose–response analyses were performed. Heterogeneity was examined in sub-group and sensitivity analyses. In total, thirty-one unique cohort studies were identified and included in the meta-analysis. Several statistically significant SRRE below 1.0 were observed, namely for total dairy intake and stroke (SRRE=0·91; 95 % CI 0·83, 0·99), cheese intake and CHD (SRRE=0·82; 95 % CI 0·72, 0·93) and stroke (SRRE=0·87; 95 % CI 0·77, 0·99), and Ca from dairy sources and stroke (SRRE=0·69; 95 % CI 0·60, 0·81). However, there was little evidence for inverse dose–response relationships between the dairy variables and CHD and stroke after adjusting for within-study covariance. The results of this meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies have shown that dairy consumption may be associated with reduced risks of CVD, although additional data are needed to more comprehensively examine potential dose–response patterns.

Spinoza and the Stoics
  • Spinoza and the Stoics
  • Jon Miller
  • Published online: 05 May 2015
  • Print publication: 30 April 2015
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    For many years, philosophers and other scholars have commented on the remarkable similarity between Spinoza and the Stoics, with some even going so far as to speak of 'Spinoza the Stoic'. Until now, however, no one has systematically examined the relationship between the two systems. In Spinoza and the Stoics Jon Miller takes on this task, showing how key elements of Spinoza's metaphysics, epistemology, philosophical psychology, and ethics relate to their Stoic counterparts. Drawing on a wide range of secondary literature including the most up-to-date scholarship and a close examination of the textual evidence, Jon Miller not only reveals the sense in which Spinoza was, and was not, a Stoic, but also offers new insights into how each system should be understood in itself. His book will be of great interest to scholars and students of ancient philosophy, early modern philosophy, Spinoza, and the philosophy of the Stoics.

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