Aristotle states in Metaphysics Z13 (1038b9-11) that nothing said universally τῶν ϰαϑόλου λεγομένων is substance (οὐαία), rather the substance of each thing is particular to it (οὐαία ἐϰάστου ὴ ίδιος ἐϰάστῳ). The natural interpretation of this statement is that being said universally is a sufficient condition for not being substance. But this claim is very perplexing since it is the key premiss in the following apparently inconsistent set:
(1) Form is substance.
(2) Form is universal.
(3) Nothing universal or said universally is substance, rather the substance of something is particular ἴδιος to it.