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24 results

Page 1 of 2

  • 16 - The labour market

  • from Part 4 - A national economy
  • Edited by Simon Ville, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Glenn Withers, Australian National University, Canberra
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Economic History of Australia
    Published online:
    05 September 2014
    Print publication:
    08 October 2014, pp 351-372

  • Summary

    This chapter examines the sustaining role of business cooperation in a small, remote economy, and the rich sources of social capital. It compares the differing pattern of business across the colonies and between city and bush, and examines the growth of firms in manufacturing. The rapid mid-century expansion in the Australian colonies provided opportunities and challenges for business. The pastoral boom that began in the 1830s and the gold rush of the 1850s motivated rapid increases in exports, immigration, per capita incomes, and transportation. The chapter interrogates major public forms of enterprise, and addresses the question of Aboriginal enterprise. Finally, the chapter investigates an important comparative question, the degree to which Australian enterprise shared in the movement towards a more scientific and generalisable approach to the practice of management that was starting to take hold in several nations towards the end of the 19th century, particularly the United States, Britain and Japan.

  • References

  • Edited by Simon Ville, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Glenn Withers, Australian National University, Canberra
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Economic History of Australia
    Published online:
    05 September 2014
    Print publication:
    08 October 2014, pp 595-656

  • Summary

    Over the past 30 years governments in Australia introduced a set of policies that have come to be known as microeconomic reform. This chapter provides an overview of main reforms and rationales. It describes a major area of reform, and evidence on specific effects of that reform, roughly in the sequence that the reforms occurred. Political economy has a major role in most accounts of the introduction of microeconomic reform in the 1980s and early 1990s. In particular, several factors assisted the federal Labor government of this period to introduce reforms. The reforms to regulation of the finance sector in Australia had been primarily implemented to improve the capacity to manage the macroeconomy. The chapter discusses agricultural sector, manufacturing industry, government sector, transport sector, communications sector, utilities sector, competition policy and labour market in Australia. Finally, it presents an overall assessment of the effects of microeconomic reform.

Page 1 of 2