Epithelial downgrowth is a serious late complication of perforating wounds of the anterior segment of the eye, whether they are accidental or secondary to operation. Both post-traumatic and post-operative epithelialization typically develops because of delayed or faulty coadaptation of wound edges at the corneoscleral junction. Reverse corneal grafts and direct implantation of corneal and conjunctival tissue have also been reported to induce epithelialization of the anterior chamber. An experimental model of so-called epithelialization of the rabbit's anterior chamber has been successfully developed in this laboratory. This model provided an easily reproducible method of wounding which caused epithelialization analogous to the clinical occurrence. There have been no attempts to study the ultrastructure of the cells which grew downward into the anterior chamber following corneal suturing. The present investigation is undertaken to observe and to identify the ultrastructural features of these downgrowing cells which subsequently developed in an experimental model of epithelialization.

We describe 14 yr of public data from the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA), an ongoing project that is producing precise measurements of pulse times of arrival from 26 millisecond pulsars using the 64-m Parkes radio telescope with a cadence of approximately 3 weeks in three observing bands. A comprehensive description of the pulsar observing systems employed at the telescope since 2004 is provided, including the calibration methodology and an analysis of the stability of system components. We attempt to provide full accounting of the reduction from the raw measured Stokes parameters to pulse times of arrival to aid third parties in reproducing our results. This conversion is encapsulated in a processing pipeline designed to track provenance. Our data products include pulse times of arrival for each of the pulsars along with an initial set of pulsar parameters and noise models. The calibrated pulse profiles and timing template profiles are also available. These data represent almost 21 000 h of recorded data spanning over 14 yr. After accounting for processes that induce time-correlated noise, 22 of the pulsars have weighted root-mean-square timing residuals of $<\!\!1\,\mu\text{s}$ in at least one radio band. The data should allow end users to quickly undertake their own gravitational wave analyses, for example, without having to understand the intricacies of pulsar polarisation calibration or attain a mastery of radio frequency interference mitigation as is required when analysing raw data files.

Political commentary is a key component of news coverage in any liberal democracy. Yet theorising the role played by political commentators in a rapidly transforming media sphere – further destabilised by voters’ increasing mistrust of expertise and of political and media institutions – is rare in the social science literature. This article adopts a mixed methodological approach to argue that political commentators today perform one or more of three functions – ‘public educator’, ‘value educator’ and ‘polemicist’ – with commentators now falling into one of seven types. Given the broadening and flattening of news media dissemination and consumption – and arguably the ‘dumbing down’ and ‘shallowing out’ of news media coverage in a postmodern social media age where truth and facts are too often subordinated by rhetoric and opinion – this article argues that the role of the academic political commentator is now more critical than ever. It also argues that academic commentators must offer not only objective descriptive analysis of political events but also potentially subjective normative analysis – in effect, narrative ‘guardrails’ – to remind voters of what is and is not acceptable political behaviour in a ‘post-truth’ anti-expert age.

The conopid fly Stylogaster neglecta Williston (Diptera: Conopidae) is a parasitoid with no known host. We report this species as the first recorded dipteran parasitoid of Oecanthus nigricornis Walker (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) (black-horned tree crickets). We reared field-collected O. nigricornis juveniles over several months in 2017 and found that larval S. neglecta emerged from them during late July into August. We estimated the incubation period for S. neglecta larvae to be around 30 days based on the length of time it took for them to emerge from the host and pupate (subsequently all hosts died). We documented several cases of multiple parasitism. In 2018, we dissected O. nigricornis sampled from four sites across southern Ontario, Canada and upstate New York, United States of America and found that the percentage of juvenile O. nigricornis parasitised ranged 2–39%. Further sampling will be necessary to determine whether this variation represents consistent population differences or between-year variation in parasitism.

Utilization of cover crops has increased rapidly in the United States. However, more information is needed on the proper cover crop termination timing to maximize weed control and crop yield. Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 at two locations in Indiana to evaluate the influence of cover crop species, termination timing, and herbicide treatment on winter and summer annual weed suppression and corn yield. Cereal rye and canola cover crops were terminated early or late (2 weeks before or after corn planting) with a glyphosate- or glufosinate-based herbicide program. Canola and cereal rye reduced total weed biomass collected at termination by up to 74% and 91%, in comparison to fallow, respectively. Canola reduced horseweed density by up to 56% at termination and 57% at POST application compared to fallow. Cereal rye reduced horseweed density by up to 59% at termination and 87% at POST application compared to fallow. Canola did not reduce giant ragweed density at termination in comparison to fallow. Cereal rye reduced giant ragweed density by up to 66% at termination and 62% at POST application. In general, termination timing had little to no effect on weed biomass and density reduction in comparison to the effect of cover crop species. Cereal rye reduced corn grain yield at both locations in comparison to fallow, especially for the late termination timing. Corn grain yield reduction up to 49% (4,770 kg ha-1) was recorded for cereal rye terminated late in comparison to fallow terminated late. Canola did not reduce corn grain yield in comparison to fallow within termination timing; however, late terminated canola reduced corn grain yield by up to 21% (2,980 kg ha-1) in comparison to early terminated fallow. Results from this study suggest that cereal rye planted at 90 kg ha-1 or canola planted at 6 kg ha-1 can be effective as cover crops for horseweed suppression prior to corn. Cereal rye can also effectively suppress giant ragweed emergence, while canola is not as effective at suppressing large-seeded broadleaves such as giant ragweed. Corn yield loss will likely occur with the use of cereal rye as a cover crop when no supplemental N fertilizers are applied preplant. These results also indicate that early-terminated cover crops can often result in higher corn grain yields than late-terminated cover crops in an integrated weed management program.

In 2019, a 42-year-old African man who works as an Ebola virus disease (EVD) researcher traveled from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), near an ongoing EVD epidemic, to Philadelphia and presented to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Emergency Department with altered mental status, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. He was classified as a “wet” person under investigation for EVD, and his arrival activated our hospital emergency management command center and bioresponse teams. He was found to be in septic shock with multisystem organ dysfunction, including circulatory dysfunction, encephalopathy, metabolic lactic acidosis, acute kidney injury, acute liver injury, and diffuse intravascular coagulation. Critical care was delivered within high-risk pathogen isolation in the ED and in our Special Treatment Unit until a diagnosis of severe cerebral malaria was confirmed and EVD was definitively excluded.

This report discusses our experience activating a longitudinal preparedness program designed for rare, resource-intensive events at hospitals physically remote from any active epidemic but serving a high-volume international air travel port-of-entry.

Introduction: Emergency department (ED) buprenorphine/naloxone inductions for opioid use disorder are an effective and safe way to initiate addictions care in the ED. Kelowna General Hospital's ED buprenorphine/naloxone (KEDSS) program was implemented in September 2018 in order to respond to a community need for accessible and evidence-based addictions care. The objective of our program evaluation study was to examine the implementation of the first five months of the KEDSS program through evaluating patient characteristics and service outcomes. Methods: The KEDSS treatment pathway consists of a standardized protocol (pre-printed order set) to facilitate buprenorphine/naloxone induction and stabilization in the acute care setting (ED and inpatient wards) at Kelowna General Hospital, a community academic hospital. All patients referred to the outpatient addictions clinic via the order set during September 2018-January 2019 (the first 5 months) were included in the study population. A retrospective descriptive chart review was completed. Outcome measures included population characteristics (sociodemographic information, clinical characteristics) and service outcomes (number of patients initiated, patient follow-up). Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses using t-tests or Pearson's χ2 statistic, as appropriate, were conducted to compare the ED-initiated group with the inpatient-initiated group. Results: During the first five months of the KEDSS program, a total of 35 patients (26% female, mean age 36.6 years, 54% homeless) were started on the treatment pathway, 16 (46%) in the ED. Compared to the inpatient-initiated group, the ED-initiated group were less likely to have psychiatric comorbidities (ED 1.0 vs. inpatient 1.5, p = 0.002), require methadone or sustained-release oral morphine (ED 13% vs. inpatient 37%, p = 0.048), and have attended follow-up (ED 56% vs. inpatient 84%, p = 0.004). Conclusion: This study provides a preliminary look at a new opioid agonist therapy (OAT) treatment pathway (KEDSS) at Kelowna General Hospital, and provides insight into the population that is accessing the program. We found that the majority of patients who are started on buprenorphine/naloxone in the ED are seen in follow-up at the addictions clinic. Future work will examine ongoing follow-up and OAT adherence rates in the study population to quantify the program's impact on improving access to addictions treatment within this community hospital setting.

On 30 September 2017, an Air France Airbus A380-800 suffered a failure of its fourth engine while over Greenland. This failure resulted in the loss of the engine fan hub, fan blades and surrounding structure. An initial search recovered 30 pieces of light debris, but the primary part of interest, a ~220 kg titanium fan hub, was not recovered because it had a different fall trajectory than the light debris, impacted into the ice-sheet's snow surface, and was quickly covered by drifting snow. Here we describe the methods used for the detection of the fan hub and details of the field campaigns. The search area included two crevasse fields of at least 50 snow-covered crevasses 1 to ~30 m wide with similar snow bridge thicknesses. After 21 months and six campaigns, using airborne synthetic aperture radar, ground-penetrating radar, transient electromagnetics and an autonomous vehicle to survey the crevasse fields, the fan hub was found within ~1 m of a crevasse at a depth of ~3.3 to 4 m and was excavated with shovels, chain saws, an electric winch, sleds and a gasoline heater, by workers using fall-arrest systems.

Given the equivocal literature on the relationship between internalizing symptoms and early adolescent alcohol use (AU) and AU disorder (AUD), the present study took a developmental perspective to understand how internalizing and externalizing symptoms may operate together in the etiology of AU and AUD. We pit the delayed onset and rapid escalation hypothesis (Hussong et al., 2011) against a synthesis of the dual failure model and the stable co-occurring hypothesis (Capaldi, 1992; Colder et al., 2013, 2018) to test competing developmental pathways to adolescent AU and AUD involving problem behavior, peer delinquency, and early initiation of AU. A latent transactional and mediational framework was used to test pathways to AUD spanning developmental periods before AU initiation (Mage = 11) to early and high risk for AUD (Mage = 14–15 and Mage = 17–18). The results supported three pathways to AUD. The first started with “pure” externalizing symptoms in early childhood and involved multiple mediators, including the subsequent development of co-occurring symptoms and peer delinquency. The second pathway involved stable co-occurring symptoms. Interestingly, chronically elevated pure internalizing symptoms did not figure prominently in pathways to AUD. Selection and socialization effects between early AU and peer delinquency constituted a third pathway.

The untimely event of suicidal hanging requires a timely, competent, and coordinated response by security and healthcare staff. A successful, life-saving response also requires special cutdown equipment (“suicide cutdown knife”) and staff that is trained in its proper use. The training is hands-on and practical, including retrieving the cutdown tool and actually doing some cutting. Because a serious hanging attempt is relatively rare, most security and healthcare staff have had almost no actual experience with a suicidal hanging. The presentation summarizes our in-depth training program, which includes follow-ups on every work shift to measure the impact of the training. The training includes our retention mnemonic, “The 5 Cs of Rescue.”

A high level of expressed emotion (EE) in the form of criticism and hostility by family members towards schizophrenia patients increases the risk of relapse to a psychotic episode. Studying the neural response to relatives’ criticisms would help to understand how patients interpret and cope with EE in terms of the salience patients attach to criticisms and how this information is encoded and stored. Formerly depressed patients fail to activate the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) on hearing maternal criticisms. We tested the hypothesis, for the first time, that individuals with high schizotypy would have an altered DLPFC and ACC response to relatives’ criticisms. Twenty-four healthy individuals, 12 with low schizotypy (LS) and 12 with high schizotypy (HS), listened to a close relative's criticisms, compliments and neutral comments about them while undergoing functional MRI. The relative's EE level was assessed using the Camberwell Family Interview. HS relatives were more likely to show high EE than LS relatives. Activation maps in LS and HS groups during each comment type were compared using SPM5. During criticisms relative to neutral comments, HS activated and LS deactivated the DLPFC and ACC. During compliments relative to neutral comments, LS activated and HS deactivated the insula, lingual gyrus, cerebellum, thalamus, postcentral gyrus and medial frontal gyrus. Our finding of DLPFC-ACC activation in HS, but deactivation in LS individuals when listening to relatives’ criticisms suggests that HS individuals may have difficulty suppressing emotional interference during cognitive control.