Congenitally corrected transposition is a complex cardiac lesion that is often associated with ventricular septal defect, obstruction of the outflow tract of the morphologically left ventricle, and abnormalities of the morphologically tricuspid valve.1,2 Nomenclature for this lesion has been variable and confusing.1 In this review, we define, and hopefully clarify this terminology. The lesion is a combination of discordant union of the atrial chambers with the ventricles, and the ventricles with the arterial trunks.1,2 In rare circumstances, discordant atrioventricular connections can be associated with concordant ventriculo-arterial connections. This malformation has been called “isolated ventricular inversion”. The term is less than precise, and the descriptive approach using the phrase “discordant atrioventricular connections with concordant ventriculo-arterial connections” is preferred, as discussed below.

Hydrogen passivation of non-radiative defects increases the luminescence intensity from silicon nanocrystals. In this study, photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL were used to investigate the chemical kinetics of the hydrogen passivation process. Isochronal and isothermal annealing sequences were used to determine the reaction kinetics for the absorption and desorption of hydrogen, using the generalised consistent simple thermal (GST) model proposed by Stesmans for Pb defects at planar Si/SiO2 interfaces. This included determination of the activation energies and rate constants for the forward and reverse reactions as well as the associated spread in activation energies. The reaction kinetics determined from such measurements were found to be in excellent agreement with those for the passivation of Pb defects at planar Si/SiO2 interfaces, suggesting the nanocrystal emission process is also limited by such defects. These results provide useful model data as well as insight into the processing conditions needed to achieve optimum passivation in H2. As an extension to the work, a preliminary study into passivation by atomic hydrogen was pursued via a post-metallization Al anneal (alneal). A considerable gain in luminescence efficiency was achieved over the previously optimised passivation in H2.