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6 results

  • Population structure and reproductive performance in the sea anemone associated shrimp Ancylocaris brevicarpalis (Caridea: Palaemonidae)

  • Sanjeevi Prakash, Ampuli Muthu, Amit Kumar
  • Journal:
    Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom / Volume 101 / Issue 1 / February 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 February 2021, pp. 109-116

  • The peacock-tail shrimp Ancylocaris brevicarpalis Schenkel, 1902, is an obligate symbiont of sea anemones and well known for its remarkable colouration. Yet, very little information is available about its population structure and life-history traits, including reproductive parameters (fecundity, embryo volume and reproductive output). A total of 574 individuals were collected from the Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu, India between February 2017 and July 2018, out of which 214 were males (37.28%), 355 were females (61.84%), and 5 (0.87%) juveniles. The highest percentage of individuals were observed in the post-monsoon season (38.10%) followed by monsoon (34.85%), pre-monsoon (15.02%), and summer seasons (12.01%). The overall sex ratio was skewed towards female individuals (0.55 male: 1 female). Fecundity was higher in females carrying early-stage embryos and embryo volume did increase, but not statistically significantly from early to late stages. The reproductive output was negatively allometric to the mean female body weight. The present study provides first-of-its-kind information on the population as well as individual-level reproductive characteristics of A. brevicarpalis.

  • Mid-upper arm circumference in detection of weight-for-height Z-score below −3 in children aged 6–59 months

  • Umesh Kapil, RM Pandey, Rahul Bansal, Bhavana Pant, Amit Mohan Varshney, Chander Prakash Yadav, Shikha Sinha, Neha Sareen, Harshpal Singh Sachdev
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 21 / Issue 10 / July 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 February 2018, pp. 1794-1799
    • Article
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  • Objective

    To evaluate the predictive ability of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) for detecting severe wasting (weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) <−3) among children aged 6–59 months.

    Design

    Cross-sectional survey.

    Setting

    Rural Uttar Pradesh, India.

    Subjects

    Children (n 18 456) for whom both WHZ (n 18 463) and MUAC were available.

    Results

    The diagnostic test accuracy of MUAC for severe wasting was excellent (area under receiver-operating characteristic curve = 0·933). Across the lower range of MUAC cut-offs (110–120 mm), specificity was excellent (99·1–99·9 %) but sensitivity was poor (13·4–37·2 %); with higher cut-offs (140–150 mm), sensitivity increased substantially (94·9–98·8 %) but at the expense of specificity (37·6–71·9 %). The optimal MUAC cut-off to detect severe wasting was 135 mm. Although the prevalence of severe wasting was constant at 2·2 %, the burden of severe acute malnutrition, defined as either severe wasting or low MUAC, increased from 2·46 to 17·26 % with cut-offs of <115 and <135 mm, respectively. An MUAC cut-off <115 mm preferentially selected children aged ≤12 months (OR=11·8; 95 % CI 8·4, 16·6) or ≤24 months (OR=23·4; 95 % CI 12·7, 43·4) and girls (OR=2·2; 95 % CI 1·6, 3·2).

    Conclusions

    Based on important considerations for screening and case detection in the community, modification of the current WHO definition of severe acute malnutrition may not be warranted, especially in the Indian context.

  • Percutaneous closure of a large patent ductus arteriosus in a preterm newborn weighing 1400 g without using arterial sheath: an innovative technique

  • Part of
  • Gaurav Garg, Vishal Garg, Amit Prakash
  • Journal:
    Cardiology in the Young / Volume 28 / Issue 3 / March 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 December 2017, pp. 494-497

  • Percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus is well established in infants weighing >5 kg, but data regarding outcome of preterm especially very low birth weight infants is minimal. Although surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus is the preferred and well-accepted modality of treatment after failure of drug therapy in preterm infants, it has also got its own demerits in such a small and fragile subset. Device closure in infants weighing <1.5 kg is rarely attempted because of high chances of complications, especially acute arterial injury due to the arterial sheath. We received a 1.4-kg ventilator-dependent infant for closure of large patent ductus arteriosus. Percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus was done successfully and the infant was discharged on room air with a weight of 1.8 kg. We present here an innovative technique in which successful patent ductus arteriosus device closure was done in a 1.4-kg infant without using arterial sheath.

  • 5 - Bedside measurements of cerebral blood flow

  • from Section 2 - Monitoring and imaging
  • Edited by Basil F. Matta, David K. Menon, Martin Smith
  • Book:
    Core Topics in Neuroanaesthesia and Neurointensive Care
    Published online:
    05 December 2011
    Print publication:
    13 October 2011, pp 63-71

  • Summary

    Monitoring cerebral blood flow (CBF) continues to be a long-standing challenge in the neurocritical care unit. This chapter outlines the methods most commonly employed for the measurement and estimation of CBF in the operating theatre and in intensive care. CBF measurements obtained by Kety-Schmidt method are global and it is not possible to discriminate between grey and white matter or to detect changes in regional CBF. The introduction of radioisotope techniques for the measurement of CBF has allowed the progression from global CBF measurements to the two-dimensional maps of cortical blood flow. CBF can be measured by the exponential pattern of clearance of the gas from the brain. Sampling from the right jugular bulb has commonly been assumed to provide the best estimate of hemispheric blood flow. Jugular thermodilution technique, first used to measure coronary sinus flow, has been successfully adapted to measure CBF with reasonable accuracy.