Suriname is ranked as high-risk country for cervical cancer, but recent national data of HPV prevalence and distribution in cervical cancer is scarce. In a retrospective cross-sectional study, cervical cancer incidence, HPV prevalence and HPV-type-specific distribution were investigated in all cervical cancer cases (n = 111), diagnosed in two consecutive years. HPV presence and type-specific prevalence were determined in paraffin-embedded biopsies utilizing master-nested multiplex PCR assays, targeting 14 HPV types. The age-standardized incidence rate of cervical cancer was 22·4/100 000 women, justifying revision of the current international ranking of Suriname. Eleven HPV types were detected, with the most common types in descending order of frequency: 16, 18, 45, 66, 58/52/35. HPV16 was predominant, although with markedly low presence (25%). HPV16 or 18 infections were detected in 43% of the cases, while 28% were untyped, implicating a divergent HPV-type distribution in Suriname with significant variation in the prevalence of less common high-risk virus types and/or presence of HPV16 variants. HPV-type distribution differed between ethnic groups. A vaccination efficacy of just 28–30% was anticipated, next to an uneven vaccination impact in different ethnic groups, cautioning Suriname and other multi-ethnic countries to tailor the information presented to different ethnic communities.

We ask if and how the large-scale structure of a turbulent flow depends on anisotropies introduced at the smallest scales. We generate such anisotropy on the viscous scale in a paramagnetic colloid whose rheology is modified by an external, uniform magnetic field. We report measurements in a high Reynolds number turbulence experiment ($R_{{\it\lambda}}=120$). Ultrasound velocimetry provides records of tracer particle velocity. Distinct changes in the velocity statistics can be observed from the dissipative scales up to the mean flow topology.

The work which is described in this paper was undertaken owing to the conflicting results of standard fumigation practice in Palestine as it existed up to 1932, so that it became evident that the response of the Black Scale to Palestine conditions called for investigation.

Owing to the difference in climate between the Northern Coastal Plain and the Jordan Valley a series of parallel investigations had to be initiated, with the interesting results which Dr. Schweig and Mr. Grunberg have set forth.

There seems little doubt that the growers in the Jordan Valley will have to change from summer to winter fumigation and that in Acre Sub-District even if the double fumigation now under trial is not practicable (and there is no reason wh y it should not be) fumigation will have to be completed by the end of July—otherwise the fruit of the last fumigated groves will be infested before the gangs can reach them. With regard to biological control, this would be pf more value for keeping down the Black Scale population on alternative hosts, such as Eucalyptus groves and roadside trees. Negotiations for the importation of Comperiella bifasciata are in progress, and if this proves possible it will be given a trial in the Jordan Valley and the Coastal Plain.

It is unfortunate that the pressure of other demands on the time of a small staff precluded the investigation of the behaviour of the Black Scale in Jaffa Sub-District, but general observations show that it tends to react more in the manner of the Jordan Valley race than of that of the Northern Coastal Plain.

All the orange-groves between Jaffa and Haifa are heavily infested with Aonidiella aurantii, and it will be interesting to see, in view of the observations on mutual tolerance contained in this paper, whether Black Scale spreading from Jaffa will drive out the Red Scale or fail to make headway agaipst it.

Hypophosphataemia is frequently encountered in dairy cows during early lactation. Although supplementation of P is generally recommended, controversy exists over the suitability of oral P supplementation in animals with decreased or absent rumen motility. Since the effects of transruminal P absorption and the reticular groove reflex on the absorption kinetics of P are not well understood, it is unclear in how far treatment efficacy of oral P supplementation is affected by decreased rumen motility. Phosphate absorption was studied in six phosphate-depleted dairy cows fitted with rumen cannulas and treated with test solutions containing either NaH2PO4 or CaHPO4 with acetaminophen. Each animal was treated orally, intraruminally and intra-abomasally in randomised order. Absorption kinetics of P were studied and compared with the absorption kinetics of acetaminophen, a marker substance only absorbed from the small intestine. Intra-abomasal treatment with NaH2PO4 resulted in the most rapid and highest peaks in plasma inorganic P (Pi) concentration. Oral and intraruminal administration of NaH2PO4 resulted in similar increases in plasma Pi concentration from 4 to 7 h in both groups. Treatment with NaH2PO4 caused more pronounced peaks in plasma Pi concentration compared with CaHPO4. Neither transruminal P absorption nor the reticular groove reflex affected P absorption kinetics as determined by comparing plasma concentration–time curves of P and acetaminophen after administration of 1 m-phosphate salt solutions. It is concluded that oral treatment with NaH2PO4 but not CaHPO4 is effective in supplementing P in hypophosphataemic cows with adequate rumen motility. Decreased rumen motility is likely to hamper the efficacy of oral phosphate treatment.

Experiments in the treatment of Citrus fruit by fumigation with ethylene dibromide for the control of the damage caused by the Mediterranean Fruit-fly (Ceratitis capitata (Wied.)) were conducted during 1951–52 and 1952–53.

Jaffa and Valencia oranges were found to tolerate a concentration of 18 gm./m.3 at approximately 20°C. and exposure time of 2½ hours.

Grapefruit was found to tolerate a concentration of 15 gm./m.3 at approximately 20°C. for 2½ hours' exposure. When the exposure time is prolonged to 6 hours the maximum tolerance is 8 gm./m.3

A kill of 75 per cent. of the larvae of Ceratitis inside the Citrus fruits was obtained by exposure for 2½ hours at a concentration of 15 gm./m.3

Citrus fruit for export from Israel is normally fumigated with Decco (NC13) against certain fungus diseases. The exposure in this case is 6 hours. The possibility of combining the treatment with Decco and ethylene dibromide was examined. It was found that the treatments were compatible and that, at an exposure of 6 hours, a dosage of 6 gm./m.3 of ethylene dibromide gave a kill of up to 93·5 to 96·4 per cent.

Fumigation of fruit for export, in batches of 3,000 cases at a time, showed that 6 gm./m.3 of ethylene dibromide (all other conditions being equal) killed up to 98·5 per cent. of Ceratitis larvae (provided no gas leakage occurred in the fumigation chamber). This concentration did not cause injury to Jaffa and Valencia oranges. In the case of grapefruit, slight damage occurred—especially in over-ripe fruit (during the second half of April) which was not intended for shipping.

The fruit-fly damage in the Upper Jordan Valley is limited to the southern belt of Citrus plantations ; further north the fly's activity remains, so far, restricted. There is a permanent fluctuation in the fruit-fly's population density according to ecological conditions, which may change from year to year. This fluctuation is of an irregular character. In years of severe infestation the damage attains 10–15 per cent. of the total crop ; there are seasons, however, when the damage is practically negligible. There is constant danger in the fruit-fly situation, because this fly is able within a short time to increase immensely its population density, if environmental conditions are suitable.

The number of hosts is relatively small in the Jordan Valley ; the Citrus plantations supply sufficient food during 7–8 months, and there is a relatively long summer quiescent period (about 2 months) with an extremely low fruit-fly population ; during the remaining period figs, grapes and other occasional plants serve as hosts.

The fruit-fly is spread chiefly by mechanical agents (wind and transport of infested fruits).

There are 8 generations during the year in the Jordan Valley.

There are two peak infestation periods (October and April-May) and two quiescent periods (winter and late summer).

Fruit-fly control under present cultural conditions should be confined to peak infestation periods only, as unfavourable climatic conditions are responsible for an extremely high mortality of fly later in the winter and in summer.

We derive an exact theory of three-dimensional steady separation and reattachment using nonlinear dynamical systems methods. Specifically, we obtain criteria for separation points and separation lines on fixed no-slip boundaries in compressible flows. These criteria imply that there are only four basic separation patterns with well-defined separation surfaces. We also derive a first-order prediction for the separation surface using wall-based quantities; we verify this prediction using flow models obtained from local expansions of the Navier–Stokes equations.

Over 25 years ago, Pace and coworkers described an activity called RNase M5 in Bacillus subtilis cell extracts responsible for 5S ribosomal RNA maturation (Sogin & Pace, Nature, 1974, 252:598–600). Here we show that RNase M5 is encoded by a gene of previously unknown function that is highly conserved among the low G + C Gram-positive bacteria. We propose that the gene be named rnmV. The rnmV gene is nonessential. B. subtilis strains lacking RNase M5 do not make mature 5S rRNA, indicating that this process is not necessary for ribosome function. 5S rRNA precursors can, however, be found in both free and translating ribosomes. In contrast to RNase E, which cleaves the Escherichia coli 5S precursor in a single-stranded region, which is then trimmed to yield mature 5S RNA, RNase M5 cleaves the B. subtilis equivalent in a double-stranded region to yield mature 5S rRNA in one step. For the most part, eubacteria contain one or the other system for 5S rRNA production, with an imperfect division along Gram-negative and Gram-positive lines. A potential correlation between the presence of RNase E or RNase M5 and the single- or double-stranded nature of the predicted cleavage sites is explored.

Thickness dependence of the magneto-optical Kerr effects (MOKE) in ultrathin ferromagnetic films, antiferromagnetic films and nonmagnetic films were measured carefully employing wedge shaped samples at room temperature. The oscillations of the polar Kerr ellipticiry with respect to the film thickness and its energy dependence were observed for the Fe and Au ultrathin films, and revealed a formation of spin-polarized quantum well states both in the bcc-Fe (100) layers and the fcc-Au(001) layers.

On the other hand, bcc-Cr (100) ultrathin layers grown on 3ML of Fe(100) layer showed about 2ML period oscillation of the polar MOKE for the photon energy in between 2.25 and 3.75eV, indicating an existence of a long range antiferromagnetic order. The Cr film also showed energy dependent oscillation peaks for the very thin region (d<10ML). The longitudinal MOKE were measured also for Cr samples, and revealed 2ML period oscillation. The mechanism of the MOKE oscillations is discussed from the view points of quantum size effects and the antiferromagnetic order.

By means of light scattering from spin waves and magnetooptical Kerr measurements we investigated the exchange interaction of two Fe films across a Cr film as a function of the Cr thickness dCr.

Using good quality epitaxial samples with a special wedge geometry of the interspacer we observed up to four full periods of the long range oscillations of the exchange, including its ferromagnetic parts. At room temperatures the damping of the oscillations does not follow the d-2Crpendence predicted by zero-temperature RKKY-type theory.

After a special e-beam treatment of the samples a short-range oscillation with a period around a lattice constant of Cr are discovered. The value of coupling in the maximum in this case shows considerable temperature dependence.

The analysis of domain patterns and M(H) curves reveals the existence of a noncollinear interaction, which causes a configuration where the magnetizations of two Fe films are perpendicular to each other.

In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of 18 patients, methohexitone blocked objective signs of opiate withdrawal caused by a bolus injection of naloxone. Furthermore, in continuing the naloxone therapy for 48 hours, no withdrawal signs appeared. Levels of withdrawal distress returned to normal levels within six days. This approach can be regarded as an effective and well tolerated withdrawal therapy with low drop-out rates.

There is a growing discrepancy between the popularity of the hegemonic stability theory and the amount of material pointing to the theory's shortcomings, both analytic and empirical. This article begins with a discussion of the theory's major weaknesses and then offers an analysis of the theory's discourse. Using methods of structural analogy and the study of imagery, the investigation proceeds from the most superficial to the most deep-seated and universal imagery found in the theory's discourse. It argues that the idea of hegemonic stability and the notion of the benevolent hegemon have their roots in powerful and interrelated myths, including myths of the golden age, the Savior, and the death of the sun. It also argues that the ability of these myths to sway human emotions has interfered with the process of theory-building and scientific investigation, of which intuition is a vital component. It concludes that the continuing popularity of the hegemonic stability theory is based on the timeless appeal of the myths that it incorporates.