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10 - On the Beach
- Edited by Matthew Ingleby, Queen Mary University of London, Matthew P. M Kerr, University of Southampton
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- Book:
- Coastal Cultures of the Long Nineteenth Century
- Published by:
- Edinburgh University Press
- Published online:
- 01 May 2021
- Print publication:
- 16 July 2018, pp 186-199
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Summary
On the beach. The beach: location of holiday joy, of seaside pleasures, of time off in the sun at the coast – opened up for democratic leisure and pleasure by the Victorians, who invented the popular coastal holiday resort. It's where people liked to be. ‘Oh! I do like to be beside the seaside,’ sang the music hall star Mark Sheridan on his recording of 1909, making a popular hit of John A. Glover-Kind's 1907 expression of seaside desire:
Everyone delights to spend their summer's holiday
Down beside the side of the silvery sea
I’m no exception to the rule
In fact, if I’d my way
I’d reside by the side of the silvery sea.
But when you’re just the common or garden Smith or Jones or Brown
At bus’ness up in town
You’ve got to settle down.
You save up all the money you can till summer comes around
Then away you go
To a spot you know
Where the cockle shells are found.
Oh! I do like to be beside the seaside
I do like to be beside the sea!
I do like to stroll upon the Prom, Prom, Prom!
Where the brass bands play:
‘Tiddely-om-pom-pom!’
So just let me be beside the seaside
I’ll be beside myself with glee.
Glee on the beach. But being on the beach was also a metaphor for the miserably penniless, the forcefully unemployed, the jobless. This version of the beach was as a site of nautical misery, locale of forcefully retired, out-of-work, redundant sailors: the beached ones. OED beached, adj., sense 3: ‘Fig. Laid aside, discarded; unemployed (cf BEACH n. 3b)’: beach, n., sense 3b: ‘Naut. The shore, any part of the coastline off which a ship is at anchor; hence on the beach, ashore; retired… . By extension on the beach is used to mean “beachcombing, unemployed”; also (occas.) penniless, “broke”.’ The first OED illustration of which is from Jack London's novel about the poor, The People of the Abyss (1903): ‘England is always crowded with sailormen on the beach.’ Nevil Shute's apocalyptic 1957 novel about civilisation, the human even, at an abject ruined end, is aptly titled On the Beach.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. 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Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. 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Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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16 - The Spanish Civil War
- from Part III - Poetics
- Edited by Kate McLoughlin, University of Glasgow
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Companion to War Writing
- Published online:
- 28 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 16 July 2009, pp 185-196
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Summary
All wars capture the imagination, get aestheticized, inspire literature. But none more so than the Spanish Civil War (July 18, 1936 to April 1, 1939). This short-lived conflict was almost instantly read, across the globe from Santiago de Chile to Moscow, as the ultimate battleground for democracy, freedom, modernity, and art against reaction, oppression, censorship, old power, and repressive (especially religious, Roman Catholic) tradition. Spain was the apogee of what W. H. Auden, England's foremost young poet, had labeled “this hour of crisis and dismay.” Spain was, as Auden put it in “Spain,” the most famous English poem to appear about the war, where “the menacing shapes of our fever / Are precise and alive.”
Worldwide fascism was the essence of the “crisis.” The Left had long been preaching the need for writers to take up history's challenge, commit their whole being - time, energy, bodies, as well as their art - to resisting fascism by “going over” wholeheartedly to the side of “the people.” The military rising of General Franco against Spain's republican government, amply assisted by his Italian and German allies, brought that demand to a head. If the Right wasn't stopped in Spain, where would fascism's push end? Very many intellectuals, writers and other artists responded to the challenge.
Of course the Spanish Civil War was not the Poets' War it was sometimes billed as. Most of its participants - including the majority of the 40,000- 60,000 international volunteers, most of whom were with the communist organized International Brigades - were not intellectuals or writers or artists. But the war certainly involved - and divided - the literary and cultural worlds as no war before it.
Evolving GATE to meet new challenges in language engineering
- KALINA BONTCHEVA, VALENTIN TABLAN, DIANA MAYNARD, HAMISH CUNNINGHAM
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- Journal:
- Natural Language Engineering / Volume 10 / Issue 3-4 / September 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 October 2004, pp. 349-373
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In this paper we present recent work on GATE, a widely-used framework and graphical development environment for creating and deploying Language Engineering components and resources in a robust fashion. The GATE architecture has facilitated the development of a number of successful applications for various language processing tasks (such as Information Extraction, dialogue and summarisation), the building and annotation of corpora and the quantitative evaluations of LE applications. The focus of this paper is on recent developments in response to new challenges in Language Engineering: Semantic Web, integration with Information Retrieval and data mining, and the need for machine learning support.
Architectural elements of language engineering robustness
- DIANA MAYNARD, VALENTIN TABLAN, HAMISH CUNNINGHAM, CRISTIAN URSU, HORACIO SAGGION, KALINA BONTCHEVA, YORICK WILKS
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- Journal:
- Natural Language Engineering / Volume 8 / Issue 2-3 / June 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 August 2002, pp. 257-274
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We discuss robustness in LE systems from the perspective of engineering, and the predictability of both outputs and construction process that this entails. We present an architectural system that contributes to engineering robustness and low-overhead systems development (GATE, a General Architecture for Text Engineering). To verify our ideas we present results from the development of a multi-purpose cross-genre Named Entity recognition system. This system aims be robust across diverse input types, and to reduce the need for costly and timeconsuming adaptation of systems to new applications, with its capability to process texts from widely differing domains and genres.
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