Although it is well documented that child maltreatment exerts
a deleterious impact on child adaptation, much less is known about the precise etiological
pathways that eventuate in child abuse and neglect. This paper reports on a multimethod
ecological study of the relationship between neighborhood structural factors and child
maltreatment reports in African American and European American census tracts. The study had
two major components. First, in an aggregate analysis, the effects of four measures of
community structure (impoverishment, child care burden, instability, and geographic isolation)
on child maltreatment report rates were examined separately for predominantly African
American (n = 94) and predominantly European American (n = 189)
census tracts. Impoverishment in particular had a significantly weaker effect on maltreatment
rates in African American than in European American neighborhoods. Second, focused
ethnographies were conducted in four selected census tracts with child maltreatment report rates
in the highest and lowest quartiles. Ethnographic data point to the importance of the social fabric
in accounting for differences in child maltreatment report rates by predominant neighborhood
ethnicity.