The development of political strategies in Canada to support the transition from conventional to sustainable agriculture has been limited by the absence of a comprehensive conceptual framework for identifying the most critical policies, programs, and regulations. In this paper, we propose a framework that uses an efficiency/substitution/redesign spectrum to categorize both sustainable fanning systems and government activities. The framework is then used to identify a diverse range of short, medium, and longterm strategies to be pursued by governments in Canada to support the transition. Strategies discussed include research, diffusion, and training; market development; and safety net programs and tax provisions. Finally, the implications and implementation of the redesign concept for food production, processing, and distribution are outlined.