Singapore, with a population of about 5 million, including foreigners, is a distinct society which perhaps more than other postcolonial societies, in its pursuit of economic growth and development, forsook not only many of the political dimensions of democratic life but also its cultural dimensions, taken in both the “high culture” and “way-of-life” senses. An industrial and commercial understanding of culture was left, and manufacturing and productive institutions became the collective basis of social life. And yet, it was this economic growth and the eventual expansion of the middle class that led to a flourish of experimental theatre and visual art in the 1980s as an increasingly educated citizenry began to ponder larger questions of national culture and national identity.

These cultural and artistic developments, as well as the subsequent cultural policies of the People's Action Party (PAP) state, soon caught the attention of the international media. The 19 July 1999 issue of TIME asked on its cover: “Singapore swings: Can Asia's nanny state give up its authoritarian ways?” The magazine said, “Culturally, Singapore is permitting artists to stage a range of socially and politically controversial performances.” The year 1990 saw the naming of Goh Chok Tong as Lee Kuan Yew's replacement as Prime Minister. This soon led to a formulation of cultural policy by the government. The National Arts Council (NAC) was set up in 1991 under the then Ministry of Information and the Arts (MITA), a ministry that had — in TIME's inimical, overwritten literary style — “PAP intellectual-in-waiting [George] Yeo in charge. The new minister enthused about fostering a global renaissance city, about making Singaporeans more creative, about forging a civic society …”

It is understood in the city-state, though, that the government has not simply gone humanistically soft. In order to be a “creative economy” and a “happening” global city that can retain the “best” foreign and local business and industrial talent, Singapore cannot now display only a philistine modernity.