China at the beginning of the 21st century intrigues many researchers around the world. No different was the enthusiasm widely shared among the participants of the students' conference China at the Beginning of the 21st Century organized by the Institute of Middle and Far East Studies of Jagiellonian University in Kraków in April 2010. Two days of sessions gathered many observers; moreover, a lively and collaborative working environment was created. Research enthusiasm and inquisitive attitude of presenters and discussants observed during the conference inspired us to go beyond the university walls and put this publication together.

The problems discussed within this volume provide the readers with a background of most vital issues in modern China. They are related to the challenges of the Chinese society and state's international skirmishes. While the first articles provide the insight into social change, creating tremendous opportunities, and no less significant threats for the country's future development, the others look further and beyond borders to focus our attention on security issues. Each article is separately concluded by the author's findings, which is highly admirable, since the authors are young, but promising adepts in the field. At the same time, being open for criticism, the authors invite us to take a long hard look at China's modern challenges.

The book opens with a chapter written by Natalia Ożegalska-Łukasik.