Readers should observe that most of this book was written in 2009, and thus cannot comment on subsequent events in the asylum regimes discussed below. Dispiritingly, however, advances in the treatment of asylum seekers – such as the UK supreme court ruling, in July 2010, that an asylum claim based on fear of homophobic persecution is valid – have been offset by overwhelming negative developments: despite the acknowledgement of the British deputy Prime Minister, Nick Clegg, that the detention of children for immigration purposes constitutes a ‘moral outrage’, at the time of writing the practice continues, while the UNHCR reports increasing numbers of unaccompanied minors travelling to Europe; the deaths of Jimmy Mubenga, who died during a forced removal in October 2010 (the first such death since that of Joy Gardner in 1993) and Osman Rasul, who leapt from a tower block in Nottingham following the forced closure of Refugee and Migrant Justice (a charity which provided free legal advice to asylum seekers), indicate the persistence of necropower in the UK asylum system. Beyond Britain a similar picture emerges. Despite evicting the UNHCR from its offices in Tripoli, without explanation, in July 2010, Libya and the European Commission concluded a deal reportedly worth €50bn over three years to cooperate over control of North Africa immigration (and curtail, in Muammar Gaddafi's words, a ‘black Europe’); in September of the same year, 13 African migrants drowned in the Gulf of Aden during a failed rescue attempt by the US Navy.