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Atlantic commerce and the rise of Central European rural industry

from LA RÉUSSITE PAR LA MER:La reussite par la mer des territoires et des communautés littorales

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2017

Klaus Weber
Affiliation:
University of Viadrina, Frankfurt an der Oder, Germany
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Summary

ABSTRACT. This article describes the conditions and way in which the actors of the German territories participated in the Atlantic economy and its consequent impact. From the end of the Middle Ages, the German territories were taking part in exchanges with Africa via the Mediterranean which then took an Atlantic turn, even though the centre of gravity of the German impetus was to the north. Hamburg developed into a major port in this insertion in the Atlantic economy by becoming an export port for German products and one of the major hubs for redistribution of colonial products in Northern and Central Europe.

RÉSUMÉ. Cet article aborde les conditions et la nature de la participation des acteurs des territoires allemands à l'économie atlantique et son impact en retour. Dès la fin du Moyen Age, les territoires allemands sont intégrés dans les échanges avec l'Afrique mais par la Méditerranée. Ils prennent ensuite le virage atlantique. Le centre de gravité de l'impulsion allemande est maintenant au nord. Hambourg s'est hissé au rang de port majeur de cette insertion dans l'économie atlantique en devenant le port d'exportation des produits allemands et l'une des plates-formes majeures de la redistribution des produits coloniaux en Europe du Nord et Centrale.

Central Europe, or the Holy Roman Empire, seems to be a rather peripheral region, when looking at it from a European Expansion perspective. Nonetheless, entrepreneurs, workers and consumers from German-speaking lands had their share in the production of commodities for the wider Atlantic region, and from the beginning of colonization and trade in the Atlantic basin was Central Europe a market for colonial produce. This contribution will illustrate the conditions which favoured direct and indirect participation of actors from German territories in this process. It will do so by considering parameters such as climate and soil, labour supply and labour costs, and their differentials among different regions.

EARLY BEGINNINGS IN THE LATE MEDIEVAL MEDITERRANEAN

One of the drivers of Central Europe's long-distance trade was the desire for luxury items from Asia and the Middle East: spices, cotton and silk, dyes (essentially indigo), porcelain, sugar, etc. Yet, as European manufacture was not in demand in Syria, Persia or India, where the desired commodities were produced, these had to be purchased in bullion rather than in a barter trade.

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Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2017

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