Q 1. Adrenaline

1. A. Is synthesised from noradrenaline by a methyl transferase in the adrenal medulla and nerve endings

2. B. Increases the basal metabolic rate

3. C. Is metabolised in the liver

4. D. Stimulates glycogenolysis

5. E. Causes systolic and diastolic hypertension when injected Intravenously

Q 2. Prostaglandins E2 and F2 are

1. A. Not naturally occurring substances

2. B. Used to induce abortion and labour

3. C. Metabolised in the pulmonary circulation

4. D. Modulators of histamine and bradykinin action in pain

5. E. Stored in mast cells

Q 3. Alpha-adrenergic stimulation produces

1. A. Vasodilation

2. B. Tachycardia

3. C. Uterine relaxation

4. D. A positive inotropic effect

5. E. Intestinal relaxation

Q 4. Ringer lactate contains (in mmol/l)

1. A. Na – 131

2. B. K – 5.0

3. C. Ca – 4.0

4. D. Lactate – 29

5. E. Cl – 112

Q 5. Digitalis toxicity

1. A. May be indicated by bradycardia and a prolonged P-R interval

2. B. May be indicated by a supra ventricular tachycardia or ventricular extrasystoles

3. C. May be reduced by giving calcium salts

4. D. Is usefully treated by the slow infusion of phenytoin

5. E. Is an absolute contraindication to beta-blockade

Q 6. Side effects of steroid therapy include

1. A. Growth retardation in children

2. B. Osteomalacia

3. C. Precipitation of diabetes mellitus

4. D. Glaucoma

5. E. Depression

Q 7. The rate at which the alveolar concentration of an anaesthetic approaches inspired concentration is a function of

1. A. Alveolar ventilation

2. B. Water solubility of agent

3. C. Cardiac output

4. D. Saturated vapour pressure

5. E. Inspired concentration

Q 8. Acetylcholinesterase

1. A. Is found in plasma

2. B. Is inhibited by pilocarpine

3. C. Will hydrolyse dibucaine

4. D. Hydrolyses acetylcholine faster than other choline esters

5. E. Is present in high concentration in the placenta

Q 9. Paracetamol

1. A. Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

2. B. Is highly protein bound

3. C. Has a low bioavailability due to first pass metabolism

4. D. Can cause thrombocytopaenia at therapeutic levels

5. E. Is conjugated in the liver to both glucuronide and sulphate Conjugates

Q 10. Boiling points

1. A. Diethyl ether = -104.6˚C

2. B. Cyclopropane= -33˚C

3. C. Nitrous oxide= -88˚C

4. D. Halothane = 50.2˚C

5. E. Trichloroethylene = 34˚C

Q 11. Side effects of phenytoin are

1. A. Ataxia

2. B. Megaloblastic anaemia

3. C. Hepatic damage

4. D. Skin rashes

5. E. Agranulocytosis