Pacific historians and anthropologists have long observed and commented upon the dramatic social and political changes that have occurred in response to colonial intrusion and pacification. As they describe the demise of indigenous political systems or the upheavals concomitant with new forms of economic activity there is often the implicit assumption that certain core institutions persist or that essential cultural characteristics are retained. In the Australian context, Aborigines, and even those who oppose their struggle for autonomy, subscribe to an idealised view of the desert or the ‘outback’ as the true locus of traditional continuity. The nomadic band of hunter-gatherers subsisting on their country is an image so compelling that it obscures the harsh realities of poverty both in large cities and rural regions and the facts of land alienation and cultural displacement. Similarly the idea of the unchanging village is as comforting to anthropologists as it is to many urban peoples in Pacific nations. The relative simplicity and monotonous regularity of quotidian activities in rural regions is seen to set them apart from the complexities and fast changes of the urban centres. And while some view outback Aborigines or Pacific villagers as those deprived of the benefits of technological and cultural advances, condemned to underdevelopment in remote backwaters, others see them as the guardians of custom, the true defenders of tradition. Both views fail to acknowledge how rural life has changed at its very core and that these processes of change began a long time ago.