Aboukhaled, A., Alfaro, A. A., and Smith, M. (1982). Lysimeters. Irrigation and Drainage Paper 39, FAO, Rome.

Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., and Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration. Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56, FAO, Rome.

Ament, F., and Simmer, C. (2008). Improved representation of land-surface heterogeneity in a non-hydrostatic numerical weather prediction model. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 121, 153–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Andreas, E.L., and Hicks, B.B. (2002). Comments on ‘Critical test of the validity of Monin–Obukhov similarity during convective conditions’. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 59, 2605–2607.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Andreas, E.L, Claffey, K.J., Jordan, R.E., Fairall, C.W., Guest, P.S., Persson, P.O.G., and Grachev, A.A. (2006). Evaluations of the von Kármán constant in the atmospheric surface layer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 559, 117–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Arain, M.A., Michaud, J., Shuttleworth, W.J., and Dolman, A.J. (1996). Testing of vegetation parameter aggregation rules applicable to the biosphere-atmosphere transfer scheme (BATS) and the FIFE site. Journal of Hydrology, 177, 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Arnfield, A.J. (2003). Two decades of urban climate research: A review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island. International Journal of Climatology, 23, 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Araújo, A.C. de, Kruijt, B., Nobre, A.D., Dolman, A.J., Waterloo, M.J., Moors, E.J., and de Souza, J.S. (2008). Nocturnal accumulation of CO2 underneath a tropical forest canopy along a topographical gradient. Ecological Applications, 18, 1406–1419.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ashton, G.D. (2011). River and lake ice thickening, thinning, and snow ice formation. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 68, 3–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Avissar, R. (1992). Conceptual aspects of a statistical-dynamical approach to represent landscape subgrid-scale heterogeneities in atmospheric models. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97D, 2729–2742.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Avissar, R., and Pielke, R.A. (1989). A parameterization of heterogeneous land surfaces for atmospheric models and its impact on regional meteorology. Monthly Weather Review, 117, 2113–2134.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baas, P., Steeneveld, G.J., van de Wiel, B.J.H., and Holtslag, A.A.M. (2006). Exploring self-correlation in flux–gradient relationships for stably stratified conditions. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 63, 3045–3054.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baker, C.J. (2010). Discussion of ‘The macro-meteorological spectrum – A preliminary study’ by Harris, R.I.. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 98, 945–947.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baldocchi, D. (2008). ‘Breathing’ of the terrestrial biosphere: lessons learned from a global network of carbon dioxide flux measurement systems. Australian Journal of Botany, 56, 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baldocchi, D.D., Luxmoore, R.J., and Hatfield, J.L. (1991). Discerning the forest from the trees: An essay on scaling canopy stomatal conductance. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 54, 197–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baldocchi, D., Falge, E., Gu, L., Olson, R., Hollinger, D., Running, S., Anthoni, P., Bernhofer, Ch., Davis, K., Evans, R., Fuentes, J., Goldstein, A., Katul, G., Law, B., Lee, X., Malhi, Y., Meyers, T., Munger, W., Oechel, W., Paw U, K. T., Pilegaard, K., Schmid, H. P., Valentini, R., Verma, S., Vesala, T., Wilson, K., and Wofsy, S. (2001). FLUXNET: A new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy flux densities. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 82, 2415–2434.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ball, J.T. (1987). Calculations related to gas exchange. In: Zeiger, E., Farquhar, G.D., and Cowan, I.R. (eds.), Stomatal function (pp. 445–476). Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Balsamo, G., Viterbo, P., Beljaars, A., van den Hurk, B., Hirschi, M., Betts, A.K., and Scipal, K. (2009). A revised Hydrology for the ECMWF model: Verification from field site to terrestrial water storage and impact in the integrated forecast system. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 10, 623–643.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Balsamo, G., Pappenberger, F., Dutra, E., Viterbo, P., and van den Hurk, B. (2011). A revised land hydrology in the ECMWF model: A step towards daily water flux prediction in a fully-closed water cycle. Hydrological Processes, 25, 1046–1054.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bartholomeus, R.P., Witte, J.P.M., van Bodegom, P.M., van Dam, J.C., and Aerts, R. (2008). Critical soil conditions for oxygen stress to plant roots: Substituting the Feddes-function by a process-based model. Journal of Hydrology, 360, 147–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bastiaanssen, W.G.M., Noordman, E.J.M., Pelgrum, H., Davids, G., Thoreson, B.P., and Allen, R.G. (2005). SEBAL model with remotely sensed data to improve water resources management under actual field conditions. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 131, 85–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Basu, S., Holtslag, A.A.M., van de Wiel, B.J.H., Moene, A.F., and Steeneveld, G.J. (2008). An inconvenient ‘truth’ about using sensible heat flux as a surface boundary condition in models under stably stratified regimes. Acta Geophysica, 56, 88–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bear, J. (1972). Dynamics of fluids in porous media. New York: Elsevier.Google Scholar

Beljaars, A. C. M., and Holtslag, A.A.M. (1991). Flux parameterization over land surfaces for atmospheric models. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 30, 327–341.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Belmans, C., Wesseling, J.G., and Feddes, R.A. (1983). Simulation model of the water balance of a cropped soil. Journal of Hydrology, 63, 271–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beltman, W.H.J., Boesten, J.J.T.I., and van der Zee, S.E.A.T.M. (1995). Analytical modelling of pesticide transport from the soil surface to a drinking water well. Journal of Hydrology, 169, 209–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bessembinder, J.J.E., Dhindwal, A.S., Leffelaar, P.A., Ponsioen, T., and Singh, Sher (2003). Analysis of crop growth. In van Dam, J.C. and Malik, R.S. (eds.), Water productivity of irrigated crops in Sirsa district, India. Integration of remote sensing, crop and soil models and geographical information systems (pp. 59–83). Wageningen: WATPRO Final Report.Google Scholar

Best, M., Beljaars, A., Polcher, J., and Viterbo, P. (2004). A proposed structure for coupling tiled surfaces with the planetary boundary layer. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 5, 1271–1278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bethune, M.G., and Wang, Q.J. (2004). Simulating the water balance of border-check irrigated pasture on a cracking soil. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 44, 163–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bhumralkar, C.M. (1975). Numerical experiments on the computation of ground surface temperature in an atmospheric general circulation model. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 14, 1246–1258.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bierhuizen, J.F., and Slayter, R.O. (1965). Effect of atmospheric concentration of water vapor and CO2 in determining transpiration – photosynthesis relationships of cotton leaves. Agricultural Meteorology, 2, 259–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Biggar, J.W., and Nielsen, D.R. (1967). Miscible displacement and leaching phenomena. Agronomy, 11, 254–274.Google Scholar

Bird, R.E., and Riordan, C. (1986). Simple solar spectral model for direct and diffuse irradiance on horizontal and tilted planes at the earth’s surface for cloudless atmospheres. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 25, 87–97.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Black, T.A., Gardner, W.R., and Thurtell, G.W. (1969). The prediction of evaporation, drainage, and soil water storage for a bare soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 33, 655–660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Boast, C.W., and Robertson, T.M. (1982). A micro-lysimeter method for determining evaporation from bare soil: Description and laboratory evaluation. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 46, 689–696.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Boesten, J.J.T.I., and Stroosnijder, L. (1986). Simple model for daily evaporation from fallow tilled soil under spring conditions in a temperate climate. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 34, 75–90.Google Scholar

Boesten, J.J.T.I., and van der Linden, A.M.A. (1991). Modeling the influence of sorption and transformation on pesticide leaching and persistence. Journal of Environmental Quality, 20, 425–435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bolt, G.H. (1979). Soil chemistry. Part B. Physico-chemical models. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar

Bonan, G.B. (1995). Land–atmosphere CO2 exchange simulated by a land surface process model coupled to an atmospheric general circulation model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 2817–2831.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bonan, G.B., Pollard, D., and Thompson, S.L. (1993). Influence of subgrid-scale heterogeneity in leaf area index, stomatal resistance, and soil moisture on grid-scale land–atmosphere interactions. Journal of Climate, 6, 1882–1897.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Boone, A., de Rosnay, P., Basalmo, G., Beljaars, A., Chopin, F., Decharme, B., Delire, C., Ducharne, A., Gascoin, S., Grippa, M., Guichard, F., Gusev, Y., Harris, P., Jarlan, L., Kergoat, L., Mougin, E., Nasonova, O., Norgaard, A., Orgeval, T., Ottlé, C., Poccard-Leclercq, I., Polcher, J., Sandholt, I., Saux-Picart, S., Taylor, C., and Xue, Y. (2009). The AMMA land surface model intercomparison project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 90, 1865–1880.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bosveld, F.C., and Bouten, W. (2001). Evaluation of transpiration models with observations over a Douglas-fir forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 108, 247–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bouma, J., Belmans, C., Dekker, L.W., and Jeurissen, W.J.M. (1983). Assessing the suitability of soils with macropores for subsurface liquid waste disposal. Journal of Environmental Quality, 12, 305–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Braam, M., Bosveld, F.C., and Moene, A.F. (2012). On Monin-Obukhov scaling in and above the atmospheric surface layer: The complexities of elevated scintillometer measurementsBoundary-Layer Meteorology, 144, 157–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Braden, H. (1985). Energiehaushalts- und Verdunstungsmodell für Wasser- und Stoffhaushalts-untersuchungen landwirtschaftlich genutzter Einzugsgebiete. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, 42, 254–299.Google Scholar

Brion, J., Chakir, A., Daumont, D., Malicet, J., and Parisse, C. (1993). High-resolution laboratory absorption cross section of O3. Temperature effect. Chemical Physics Letters, 213, 610–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brunt, D. (1932). Notes on radiation in the atmosphere. I. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 58, 389–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Businger, J., Wyngaard, J., Izumi, Y., and Bradley, E. (1971). Flux-profile relationships in the atmospheric surface layer. Journal of Atmospheric Science, 28, 181–189.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Byrd, G.T., Sage, R.F., and Brown, R.H. (1992). A comparison of dark respiration between C3 and C4 plants. Plant Physiology, 100, 191–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Calvet, J.-C., Noilhan, J., Roujean, J.-L., Bessemoulin, P., Cabelguenne, M., Olioso, A., and Wigneron, J.-P. (1998). An interactive vegetation SVAT model tested against data from six contrasting sites. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 92, 73–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cardon, G.E., and Letey, J. (1992). Plant water uptake terms evaluated for soil water and solute movement models. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 32, 1876–1880.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carsel, R.F., and Parrish, R.S. (1988). Developing joint probability distributions of soil water characteristics. Water Resources Research, 24, 755–769.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carlson, T.N., and Ripley, D.A. (1997). On the relation between NDVI, fractional vegetation cover, and leaf area index. Remote Sensing of Environment, 62, 241–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carslaw, H.S., and Jaeger, J.C. (1959). Conduction of heat in solids. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Celia, M.A., Bouloutas, E.T., and Zarba, R.L. (1990). A general mass-conservative numerical solution for the unsaturated flow equation. Water Resources Research, 26, 1483–1496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chehbouni, A., Njoku, E.G., Lhomme, J.-P., and Kerr, Y.H. (1995). Approaches for averaging surface parameters and fluxes over heterogeneous terrain. Journal of Climate, 8, 1386–1393.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chen, F., and Dudhia, J. (2001). Coupling an advanced land surface–hydrology model with the Penn State–NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part II: Preliminary model validation. Monthly Weather Review, 129, 587–604.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Collatz, G.J., Ball, J.T., Grivet, C., and Berry, J.A. (1991). Physiological and environmental regulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration: A model that includes a laminar boundary layer. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 54, 107–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cook, F.J. (1995). One-dimensional oxygen diffusion into soil with exponential respiration: Analytical and numerical solutions. Ecological Modeling, 78, 277–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Crawford, T.M., and Duchon, C.E. (1999). An improved parameterization for estimating effective atmospheric emissivity for use in calculating daytime downwelling longwave radiation. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 38, 473–480.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Crescimanno, G., and Garofalo, P. (2005). Application and evaluation of the SWAP model for simulating water and solute transport in a cracking clay soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 69, 1943–1954.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Crescimanno, G., and Garofalo, P. (2006). Management of irrigation with saline water in cracking clay soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70, 1774–1787.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Davies, W.J., and Zhang, J. (1991). Root signals and the regulation of growth and development of plants in drying soil. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 42, 55–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

DeBruin, H.A.R. (1981). The determination of (reference crop) evapotranspiration from routine weather data. In Evaporation in relation to hydrology (pp. 25–37). The Hague: Commission of Hydrological Research TNO Proceedings and Information, Vol. 28.Google Scholar

DeBruin, H. A. R. (1982). The energy balance of the Earth’s surface: A practical approach. Unpublished Ph.D thesis, Wageningen Agricultural.

DeBruin, H.A.R. (1983). A model for the Priestley–Taylor parameter α. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, 22, 572–578.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

DeBruin, H.A.R. (1987). From Penman to Makkink. In Hooghart, J. C. (ed.), Evaporation and Weather, Committee on Hydrological Research. TNO, Den Haag, Proceedings and Information, 39: 5–30.Google Scholar

DeBruin, H.A.R. (1999). A note on Businger’s derivation of nondimensional wind and temperature profiles under unstable conditions. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 38, 626–628.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

DeBruin, H.A.R., and Holtslag, A.A.M. (1982). A simple parameterization of the surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat during daytime compared with the Penman–Monteith concept. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 21, 1610–1621.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

DeBruin, H.A.R., and Moore, C.J. (1985). Zero-plane displacement and roughness length for tall vegetation derived from a simple mass conservation hypothesis. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 31, 39–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

DeBruin, H.A.R., and Wessels, H.R.A. (1988). A model for the formation and melting of ice on surface waters. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 27, 164–173.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

DeBruin, H.A.R., and Lablans, W.N. (1998). Reference crop evapotranspiration determined with a modified Makkink equation. Hydrological Processes, 12, 1053–1062.3.0.CO;2-E>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

DeBruin, H.A.R., and Stricker, J.N.M. (2000). Evaporation of grass under non-restricted soil moisture conditions. Hydrological Sciences, 45, 391–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

DeBruin, H.A.R., Kohsiek, W., and van den Hurk, B.J.J.M (1993). A verification of some methods to determine the fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, and water vapour using standard deviation and structure parameter of scalar meteorological quantities. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 63, 231–257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

DeBruin, H.A.R., Ronda, R.J., and van de Wiel, B.J.H (2000). Approximate solutions for the Obukhov length and the surface fluxes in terms of bulk Richardson numbers. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 95, 145–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

DeBruin, H.A.R., Trigo, I.F., Jitan, M.A., Enku, N. Temesgen, van der Tol, C., and Gieske, A.S.M. (2010). Reference crop evapotranspiration derived from geo-stationary satellite imagery: A case study for the Fogera flood plain, NW-Ethiopia and the Jordan Valley, Jordan. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 14, 2219–2228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

De Jong van Lier, Q., Metselaar, K., and van Dam, J.C. (2006). Root water extraction and limiting soil hydraulic conditions estimated by numerical simulation. Vadose Zone Journal, 5, 1264–1277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

De Jong van Lier, Q., van Dam, J.C., Metselaar, K., de Jong, R., and Duijnisveld, W.H.M. (2008). Macroscopic root water uptake distribution using a matric flux potential approach. Vadose Zone Journal, 7, 1065–1078.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

De Vries, D.A. (1963). Thermal properties of soils. In van Wijk, W.R. (ed.), Physics of plant environment (pp. 210–235). Amsterdam: North-Holland.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

De Vries, D.A. (1975). Heat transfer in soils. In De Vries, D.A., and Afgan, N.H. (eds.), Heat and mass transfer in the biosphere. I. Transfer processes in plant environment (pp. 5–28). Washington, DC: Scripts.Google Scholar

De Willigen, P., Nielsen, N.E., and Claassen, N. (2000). Modelling water and nutrient uptake. In Smit, A.L., Bengough, A.G., and Engels, C. (eds.), Root methods: A handbook (pp. 509–544). Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar

Della-Marta, P.M., Haylock, M.R., Luterbacher, J., and Wanner, H. (2007). Doubled length of western European summer heat waves since 1880. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, D15103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Denmead, O.T., and Bradley, E.F. (1987). On scalar transport in plant canopies. Irrigation Science, 8, 131–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Desborough, C.E. (1997). The impact of root weighting on the response of transpiration to moisture stress in land surface schemes. Monthly Weather Review, 125, 1920–1930.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Desborough, C.E. (1999). Surface energy balance complexity in GCM land surface models. Climate Dynamics, 15, 389–403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dickinson, R.E., Henderson-Sellers, A., Kennedy, P.J., and Wilson, M.F. (1986). Biosphere/atmosphere transfer scheme (BATS) for the NCAR community climate model. NCAR Technical Note TN275. Boulder, CO: National Center for Atmospheric Research, 69 pp.Google Scholar

Dingman, S.L. (2002). Physical hydrology. Long Grove: Waveland Press.Google Scholar

Dirksen, C. (1979). Flux-controlled sorptivity measurements to determine soil hydraulic property functions. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 43, 827–834.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dirksen, C. (1991). Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. In Smith, K.A. and Mullins, C.E. (eds.), Soil analysis, Physical methods (pp. 209–269). New York: Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar

Dirksen, C. (1999). Soil physics measurements. Reiskirchen: Catena Verlag.Google Scholar

Dirksen, C., and Dasberg, S. (1993). Improved calibration of time domain reflectrometry soil water content measurements. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 57, 660–667.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dirksen, C., and Matula, S. (1994). Automatic atomized water spray system for soil hydraulic conductivity measurements. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 58, 319–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dirmeyer, P.A., Gao, X., Zhao, M., Guo, Z., Oki, T., and Hanasaki, N. (2006). GSWP-2: Multimodel analysis and implications for our perception of the land surface. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 87, 1381–1397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Doorenbos, J., and Pruitt, W.O. (1977). Guidelines for predicting crop water requirements. Irrigation and Drainage Paper, 24, 2nd ed. Rome: FAO.Google Scholar

Droogers, P., Kite, G., and Murray-Rust, H. (2000). Use of simulation models to evaluate irrigation performance including water productivity, risk and system analysis. Irrigation Science, 19, 139–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Droogers, P., van Dam, J.C., Hoogeveen, J., and Loeve, R. (2004). Adaptation strategies to climate change to sustain food security. In Aerts, J.C.J.H. and Droogers, P. (eds.), Climate change in contrasting river basins (pp. 49–74). London: CABI.Google Scholar

Drusch, M., and Viterbo, P. (2007). Assimilation of screen-level variables in ECMWF’s integrated forecast system: A study on the impact on the forecast quality and analyzed soil moisture. Monthly Weather Review, 135, 300–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Duffy, C.J., and Lee, D.H. (1992). Base flow response from nonpoint source contamination: Simulated spatial variability in source, structure and initial condition. Water Resources Research, 28, 905–914.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dupont, S., and Patton, E.G. (2012). Influence of stability and seasonal canopy changes on micrometeorology within and above an orchard canopy: The CHATS experimentAgricultural and Forest Meteorology, 157, 11–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dyer, A. J. (1974). A review of flux-profile-relationships. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 7, 363–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dyer, A.J., and Hicks, B.B. (1970). Flux-gradient relationships in the constant flux layer. Quarterly Journal of Royal Meteorological Society, 96, 715–721.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

ECMWF (2009). IFS documentation CY31r1. (Accessed February 16, 2009).

Edwards, D. P. (1992). GENLN2: A general line-by-line atmospheric transmittance and radiance model, Version 3.0 description and users guide. NCAR/TN-367-STR. Boulder, CO: National Center for Atmospheric Research.Google Scholar

Ehlers, W., and Goss, M. (2003). Water dynamics in plant production. Wallingford: CABI.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ek, M.B., and Holtslag, A.A.M. (2005). Evaluation of a land-surface scheme at Cabauw. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 80, 213–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Farahani, H.J., Howell, T.A., Shuttlewort, W.J., and Bausch, W.C. (2007). Evapotranspiration: Progress in measurement and modeling in agriculture. Transactions of the ASABE, 50, 1627–1638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Farouki, O. T. (1986). Thermal properties of soils. Series on Rock and Soil Mechanics. Transactions Technical, 11.Google Scholar

Farquhar, G.D., and Sharkey, T.D. (1982). Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 33, 317–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Feddes, R.A. (1971). Water, heat and crop growth. Unpublished PhD thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University.Google Scholar

Feddes, R.A. (1987). Crop factors in relation to Makkink’s reference crop evapotranspiration. In Evaporation and weather (pp. 33–45). The Hague: Commission of Hydrological Research TNO Proceedings and Information, Vol. 39.Google Scholar

Feddes, R.A., and Raats, P.A.C. (2004). Parameterizing the soil-water-plant-root system. In Feddes, R.A., de Rooij, G.H. and van Dam, J.C. (eds.), Unsaturated zone modeling, Progress, Challenges and Applications (pp. 95–144). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.Google Scholar

Feddes, R.A., Kowalik, P.J., and Zaradny, H. (1978). Simulation of field water use and crop yield. Simulation Monographs. Wageningen: Pudoc.Google Scholar

Feddes, R.A., Kabat, P., van Bakel, P.J.T., Bronswijk, J.J.B., and Halbertsma, J. (1988). Modelling soil water dynamics in the unsaturated zone: State of the art. Journal of Hydrology, 100, 69–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Finnigan, J. (2000). Turbulence in plant canopies. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 32, 519–571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Finnigan, J.J., Clement, R., Mahli, Y., Leuning, R., and Cleugh, H.A. (2002). A re-evaluation of long-term flux measurement techniques. Part I: Averaging and coordinate rotation. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 107, 1–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Flexas, J., Ribas-Carbó, M., Diaz-Espejo, A., Galmés, J., and Medrano, H. (2008). Mesophyll conductance to CO2: Current knowledge and future prospects. Plant, Cell & Environment, 31, 602–621.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Foken, T (2006). 50 years of Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 119, 431–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Forsythe, W.E. (1954). Smithsonian physical tables (9th revised edition). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.Google Scholar

Frich, P.Alexander, L.V., Della-Marta, P., Gleason, B., Haylock, M., Tank, A.M.G. Klein, and Peterson, T. (2002). Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during the second half of the twentieth century. Climate Research, 19, 193–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gardner, W.R. (1960). Dynamic aspects of water availability to plants. Soil Science, 89, 63–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gardner, W.R. (1986). Water content. In Klute, A. (ed.), Methods of soil analysis. Part 1 (pp. 493–544). Madison: American Society of Agronomy, Monograph 9.Google Scholar

Garrat, J.R. (1992). The atmospheric boundary layer. Cambridge Atmospheric and Space Science series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Garrat, J.R., and Segal, M. (1988). On the contribution of atmospheric moisture to dew formation. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 45, 209–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gash, J.H.C. (1979). An analytical model of rainfall interception by forests. Quarterly Journal of Royal Meteorological Society, 105, 43–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gash, J.H.C., Lloyd, C.R., and Lachaud, G. (1995). Estimating sparse forest rainfall interception with an analytical model. Journal of Hydrology, 170, 79–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gates, D.M. (1980). Biophysical ecology. New York: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gerber, S., Hedin, L.O., Oppenheimer, M., Pacala, S.W., and Shevliakov, E. (2010). Nitrogen cycling and feedbacks in a global dynamic land model. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 24, GB1001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gerrits, M. (2010). The role of interception in the hydrological cycle. Unpublished PhD. thesis, Delft Technical University.Google Scholar

Giard, D., and Bazile, E. (2000). Implementation of a new assimilation scheme for soil and surface variables in a global NWP model. Monthly Weather Review, 128, 997–1015.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Goudriaan, J. (1977). Crop meteorology: A simulation study. Simulation Monographs. Wageningen: Pudoc.Google Scholar

Goudriaan, J. (1986). A simple and fast numerical method for the computation of daily total of canopy photosynthesis. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 43, 251–255.Google Scholar

Goudriaan, J., van Laar, H.H., van Keulen, H., and Louwerse, W. (1985). Photosynthesis, CO2 and plant production. In Day, W. & Atkin, R.K. (eds.), Wheat growth and modelling (pp. 107–122). NATO ASI Series, Series A: Life Sciences Vol. 86. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Grachev, A. A., Andreas, E.L., Fairall, C.W., Guest, P.S., and Persson, P.O.G. (2007). On the turbulent Prandtl number in the stable atmospheric boundary layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 125, 329–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Graefe, J. (2004). Roughness layer corrections with emphasis on SVAT model applications. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 124, 237–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Graf, A., Schüttemeyer, D., Geiß, H., Knaps, A., Möllmann-Coers, M., Schween, J.H., Kollet, S., Neininger, B., Herbst, M., and Vereecken, H.. (2010). Boundedness of turbulent temperature probability distributions, and their relation to the vertical profile in the convective boundary layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 134, 459–486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Grimmond, C.S.B., Blackett, M., Best, M.J., Baik, J.-J., Belcher, S.E., Beringer, J., Bohnenstengel, S.I., Calmet, I., Chen, F., Coutts, A., Dandou, A., Fortuniak, K., Gouvea, M.L., Hamdi, R., Hendry, M., Kanda, M., Kawai, T., Kawamoto, Y., Kondo, H., Krayenhoff, E.S., Lee, S.-H., Loridan, T., Martilli, A., Masson, V., Miao, S., Oleson, K., Ooka, R., Pigeon, G., Porson, A., Ryu, Y.-H., Salamanca, F., Steeneveld, G., Tombrou, M., Voogt, J.A., Young, D.T., and Zhang, N. (2011). Initial results from Phase 2 of the international urban energy balance model comparison. International Journal of Climatology, 31, 244–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Grinsven, J.J.M. van, Dirksen, C., and Bouten, W. (1985). Evaluation of hot air method for measuring soil water diffusivity. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 49, 1093–1099.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Groen, K.P. (1997). Pesticide leaching in polders. Field and model studies on cracked clays and loamy sand. Unpublished PhD thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University.Google Scholar

Gryning, S-E., Bactchvarova, E., and DeBruin, H.A.R. (2001). Energy balance of a sparse coniferous high-latitude forest under winter conditions. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 99, 465–488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gueymard, C.A. (1998). Turbidity determination from broadband irradiance measurements: A detailed multicoefficient approach. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 37, 414–435.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gueymard, C.A. (2001). Parameterized transmittance model for direct beam and circumsolar spectral irradiance. Solar Energy, 71, 325–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gueymard, C.A. (2004). The sun’s total and spectral irradiance for solar energy applications and solar radiation models. Solar Energy, 76, 423–453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gueymard, C.A., and Myers, D.R. (2008). Solar radiation measurement: Progress in radiometry for improved modeling. In Badescu, V. (ed.), Modeling solar radiation at the earth’s surface: Recent advances (pp. 1–27). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar

Hagemann, S. (2002). An improved land surface parameter dataset for global and regional climate models. Hamburg: Max-Plank Institute for Meteorologie, Report 336.Google Scholar

Hagemann, S, Machenhauer, B., Jones, R., Christensen, O. B., Déqué, M., Jacob, D., and Vidale, P. L. (2004). Evaluation of water and energy budgets in regional climate models applied over Europe. Climate Dynamics, 23, 547–567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hainsworth, J.M., and Aylmore, L.A.G. (1986). Water extraction by single plant roots. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 50, 841–848.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hale, G.M., and Querry, M. R. (1973). Optical constants of water in the 200 nm to 200 µm wavelength region. Applied Optics, 12, 555–563.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hall, F.G, Townshend, J. R., and Engman, E.T. (1995). Status of remote sensing algorithms for estimation of land surface state parameters. Remote Sensing of Environment, 51, 138–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Halldin, S., and Lindroth, A. (1992). Errors in net radiometry: Comparison and evaluation of six radiometer designs. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 9, 762–783.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hamaker, J.W. (1972). Decomposition: quantitative aspects. In Goring, C.A.I. and Hamaker, M. (eds.), Organic chemicals in the soil environment (pp. 253–340). New York: Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar

Hargreaves, G.L., and Samani, Z.A. (1985). Reference crop evapotranspiration from temperature. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 1, 96–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hartogensis, O.K., and DeBruin, H.A.R. (2005). Monin–Obukhov similarity functions of the structure parameter of temperature and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate in the stable boundary layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 116, 253–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hayes, W.M., ed. (2011). CRC handbook of chemistry and physics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar

Hecht, E. (1987). Optics. 2nd ed. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar

Heinen, M. (2001). FUSSIM2: Brief description of the simulation model and application to fertigation scenarios. Agronomie, 21, 285–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Henderson-Sellers, A., Pitman, A.J., Love, P.K., Irannejad, P., and Chen, T.H. (1995). The Project for Intercomparison of Land Surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS): Phases 2 and 3. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 76, 489–503.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hendriks, D.M.D., Dolman, A. J., van der Molen, M. K., and van Huissteden, J. (2008). A compact and stable eddy covariance set-up for methane measurements using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy. Atmospheric Chemical Physics, 8, 431–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Herkelrath, W.N., Miller, E.E., and Gardner, W.R. (1977). Water uptake by plants: I. Divided root experiments, II. The root contact model. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 41, 1033–1043.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hetherington, A.M., and Woodward, F.I. (2003). The role of stomata in sensing and driving environmental change. Nature, 424, 901–908.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Heus, T., van Heerwaarden, C.C., Jonker, H.J J., Siebesma, A.P., Axelsen, S., van den Dries, K., Geoffroy, O., Moene, A F., Pino, D., de Roode, S.R., and Vila-Guerau de Arellano, J. (2010). Formulation of the Dutch Atmospheric Large-Eddy Simulation (DALES) and overview of its applications. Geoscientific Model Development, 3, 415–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Heusinkveld, B.G.Jacobs, A.F.G., Holtslag, A.A.M., and Berkowicz, S.M. (2004). Surface energy balance closure in an arid region: Role of soil heat flux. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 122, 21–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Heusinkveld, B.G., Berkowicz, S.M., Jacobs, A.F.G., Holtslag, A.A.M., and Hillen, W.C.A.M. (2006). An automated microlysimeter to study dew formation and evaporation in arid and semiarid regions. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 7, 825–832.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Heusinkveld, B.G., Jacobs, A.F.G., and Holtslag, A.A.M. (2008). Effect of open-path gas analyzer wetness on eddy covariance flux measurements: A proposed solution. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 148, 1563–1573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hill, R.J. (1989). Implications of Monin-Obukhov similarity theory for scalar quantities. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 46, 2236–2251.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hillel, D. (1980). Uptake of soil moisture by plants. In Applications of soil physics (pp. 163–166). London: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Hillel, D. (1998). Environmental soil physics. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Hillel, D. (2008). Soil in the environment: Crucible of terrestrial life. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Hodur, R.M. (1997). The Naval Research Laboratory’s coupled ocean/atmosphere mesoscale prediction system (COAMPS). Monthly Weather Review, 125, 1414–1430.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Högström, U. (1988). Non-dimensional wind and temperature profiles in the atmospheric surface layer: A re-evaluation. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 42, 55–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Högström, U. (1996). Review of some basic characteristics of the atmospheric surface layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 78, 215–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Holt, T.R., Niyogi, D., Chen, F., Manning, K., LeMone, M.A., and Qureshi, A. (2006). Effect of land-atmosphere interactions on the IHOP 24–25 May 2002 convection case. Monthly Weather Review, 134, 113–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hopmans, J.W., and Stricker, J.N.M. (1989). Stochastic analysis of soil water regime in a watershed. Journal of Hydrology, 105, 57–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hopmans, J.W., Šimůnek, J., Romano, N., and Durner, W. (2002). Inverse methods. In Dane, J. H. and Topp, G. C. (eds.), Methods of soil analysis. Part 4 – Physical methods. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America Book Series 5.Google Scholar

Horst, T.W., and Weil, J.C. (1994). How far is far enough?: The fetch requirements for micrometeorological measurements of surface fluxes. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 11, 1018–1025.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Horton, R.E. (1933). The role of infiltration in the hydrological cycle. Transaction of American Geophysical Union, 14th Annual Meeting, pp. 446–460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Horton, R.E. (1939). Analysis of runoff – plot experiments with varying infiltration capacity. Transaction of American Geophysical Union, 20th Annual Meeting, pp. 693–694.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Horton, R., Wierenga, P.J., and Nielsen, D.R. (1983). Evaluation of methods for determining the apparent thermal diffusivity of soil near the surface. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 47, 25–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Huber, L., and Gillespie, T.J. (1992). Modeling leaf wetness in relation to plant-disease epidemiology. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 30, 553–577.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Huete, A, Didan, K., Miura, T., Rodriguez, E.P., Gao, X., and Ferreira, L.G. (2002). Overview of the radiometric and biophysical performance of the MODIS vegetation indices. Remote Sensing of Environment, 83, 195–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hughes, R.N., and Brimblecombe, P. (1994). Dew and guttation: Formation and environmental significance. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 67, 173–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hupet, F., van Dam, J.C., and Vanclooster, M. (2004). Impact of within-field variability in soil hydraulic properties on transpiration fluxes and crop yields: A numerical study. Vadose Zone Journal, 3, 1367–1379.Google Scholar

Hurk van den, B.J.J.M., Viterbo, P., Beljaars, A.C.M., and Betts, A.K. (2000). Offline validation of the ERA40 surface scheme. ECMWF Technical Memo, 295.Google Scholar

Hurk van den, B.J.J.M., Viterbo, P., and Los, S.O. (2003). Impact of leaf area index seasonality on the annual land surface evaporation in a global circulation model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 4191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Iqbal, M (1983). An introduction to solar radiation. Toronto: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Ittersum, M.K. van, Leffelaar, P.A., van Keulen, H., Kropff, M.J., Bastiaans, L., and Goudriaan, J. (2003). On approaches and applications of the Wageningen crop models. European Journal of Agronomy, 18, 201–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

IWMI (2007). Water for food. Water for Life. A comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture. Colombo: International Water Management Institute.Google Scholar

Ineichen, P., and Perez, R. (2002). A new airmass independent formulation for the Linke turbidity coefficient. Solar Energy, 73, 151–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Intsiful, J., and Kunstmann, H. (2008). Upscaling of land-surface parameters through inverse stochastic SVAT-modelling. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 129, 137–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Itier, B. (1982). Révision d’une methode simplififieé du flux de chaleur sensible. Journal de Recherches Atmosphériques, 16, 85–90.Google Scholar

Jackson, P.S. (1981). On the displacement height in the logarithmic velocity profile. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 111, 15–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jacobs, C.M.J. (1994). Direct impact of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on regional transpiration. Ph.D. thesis. Agricultural University, Wageningen.

Jacobs, A.F.G., and van Pul, W.A.J. (1990). Seasonal changes in the albedo of a maize crop during two seasons. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 49, 351–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jacobs, C.M.J., and de Bruin, H.A.R. (1992). The sensitivity of regional transpiration to land-surface characteristics: Significance of feedback. Journal of Climate, 5, 683–698.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jacobs, A.F.G., van Pul, W.A.J., and van Dijken, A. (1990). Similarity moisture dew profiles within a corn canopy. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 29, 1300–1306.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jacobs, A.F.G., van Boxel, J.H., and El-Kilani, R.M.M. (1995). Vertical and horizontal distribution of wind speed and air temperature in a dense vegetation canopy. Journal of Hydrology, 166, 313–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jacobs, A.F.G., van Boxel, J.H., and Nieveen, J. (1996). Nighttime exchange processes near the soil surface of a maize canopy. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 82, 155–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jacobs, C.M.J., van den Hurk, B.J.J.M., and de Bruin, H.A.R. (1996). Stomata1 behaviour and photosynthetic rate of unstressed grapevines in semi-arid conditions. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 80, 111–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jacobs, A.F.G, Heusinkveld, B.G., and Berkowicz, S.M. (2000). Dew measurements along a longitudinal sand dune transect, Negev Desert, Israel. International Journal of Biometeorology, 43, 184–190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Jacobs, A.F.G, Heusinkveld, B.G., and Klok, E.J. (2005). Leaf wetness within a lily canopy. Meteorological Applications, 12, 193–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jacobs, A.F.G., Heusinkveld, B.G., Kruit, R.J. Wichink, and Berkowicz, S.M. (2006). Contribution of dew to the water budget of a grassland area in the Netherlands. Water Resources Research, 42, W03415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jacovides, C.P. (1997). Model comparison for the calculation of Linke’s turbidity factor. International Journal of Climatology, 17, 551–563.3.0.CO;2-C>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jacovides, C.P., Tymvios, F.S., Assimakopoulos, V.D., and Kaltsounides, N.A. (2007). The dependence of global and diffuse PAR radiation components on sky conditions at Athens, Greece. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 143, 277–287CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jacquemoud, S., and Baret, F. (1990). PROSPECT: A model of leaf optical properties spectra. Remote Sensing of Environment, 34, 75–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jarlan, L., Balsamo, G., Lafont, S., Beljaars, A., Calvet, J.C., and Mougin, E. (2007). Analysis of Leaf Area Index in the ECMWF land surface scheme and impact on latent heat and carbon fluxes: Applications to West Africa. ECMWF Technical Memorandum, 544.Google Scholar

Jarvis, A.J., and Davies, W.J. (1998). The coupled response of stomatal conductance to photosynthesis and transpiration. Journal of Experimental Botany, 49, 399–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jarvis, P. (1976). The interpretation of the variations in leafwater potentials and stomatal conductances found in canopies in the field. Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society, 273, 593–610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jarvis, P., and McNaughton, K.G. (1986). Stomatal control of transpiration: Scaling up from leaf to region. In MacFadyen, A. and Ford, E.D. (eds.), Advances in Ecological Research 15, 1–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Javaux, M., Schröder, Tom, Vanderborght, Jan, and Vereecken, Harry (2008). Use of a three-dimensional detailed modeling approach for predicting root water uptake. Vadose Zone Journal, 7, 1079–1088.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jensen, M.E. (1968). Water consumption by agricultural plants. In Kozlowski, T.T. (pp. 1–22). Plant water consumption and response: Water deficits and plant growth, Vol. II. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Jensen, M.E., Burman, R.D., and Allen, R.G. (1990). Evapotranspiration and irrigation water requirements. New York: ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice, 70.Google Scholar

Jhorar, R.K., Dhindwal, A.S., Kumar, Ranvir, Jhorar, B.S., Bhatto, M.S., and Dharampal, (2003). Water management and crop production in Sirsa Irrigation Circle. In van Dam, J.C. and Malik, R.S. (eds.), Water productivity of irrigated crops in Sirsa district, India: Integration of remote sensing, crop and soil models and geographical information systems (pp. 21–28). Wageningen: WATPRO final report.Google Scholar

Jhorar, R.K., van Dam, J.C., Bastiaanssen, W.M.G., and Feddes, R.A. (2004). Calibration of effective soil hydraulic parameters of heterogeneous soil profiles. Journal of Hydrology, 285, 233–247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jiménez, J.I., Alados-Arboledas, L., Castro-Diez, Y., and Ballester, G. (1987). On the estimation of long-wave radiation flux from clear skies. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 38, 37–42.Google Scholar

Jiménez, P. A., and Dudhia, J. (2012). Improving the representation of resolved and unresolved topographic effects on surface wind in the WRF model. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 51, 300–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jungk, A.O. (2002). Dynamics of nutrient movement at the soil-root interface. In Waisel, Y., Eshel, A., and Kafkafi, U. (eds.), Plant root: The hidden half, 3rd ed. (pp. 587–616). New York: Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar

Jungk, A.O., and Claassen, N. (1989). Availability in soil and acquisition by plants as the basis for phosphorus and potassium supply to plants. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, 152, 151–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jury, W.A. (1982). Simulation of solute transport using a transfer function mode. Water Resources Research, 18, 363–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jury, W.A., and Sposito, G. (1985). Field calibration and validation of solute transport models for the unsaturated zone. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 49, 1331–1341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jury, W.A., Gardner, W.R., and Gardner, W.H. (1991). Soil physics, 5th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar

Kasten, F. (1996). The Linke turbidity factor based on improved values of the integral Rayleigh optical thickness. Solar Energy, 56, 239–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kasten, F., and Young, A.T. (1989). Revised optical air mass tables and approximation formula. Applied Optics, 28, 4735–4738.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Katul, G., Cava, D., Poggi, D., Albertson, J. and Mahrt, L. (2005). Stationarity, homogeneity, and ergodicity in canopy turbulence. In Lee, X., Massman, W., and Law, B. (eds.), Handbook of micrometeorology: A guide for surface flux measurement and analysis (pp. 161–180). New York: Kluwer Academic.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Katul, G.G., Sempreviva, A.M., and Cava, D. (2008). The temperature–humidity covariance in the marine surface layer: A one-dimensional analytical model. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 126, 263–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kelliher, F.M., Leuning, R., and Schulze, E.-D. (1993). Evaporation and canopy characteristics of coniferous forests and grasslands. Oecologica, 95, 153–163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kelliher, F.M., Leuning, R., Raupach, M.R., and Schulze, E.-D. (1995). Maximum conductances for evaporation from global vegetation types. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 73, 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kim, C.P. (1995). The water budget of heterogeneous areas: Impact of soil and rainfall variability. Unpublished PhD thesis, Wageningen University.Google Scholar

Kimball, B.A., and Jackson, R.D. (1975). Soil heat flux determination: A null-alignment method. Agricultural Meteorology, 15, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kirkham, M.B. (2005). Principles of soil and plant water relations. San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press.Google Scholar

Klein Tank, A.M.G., et al. (2002). Daily dataset of 20th-century surface air temperature and precipitation series for the European Climate Assessment. International Journal of Climatology, 22, 1441–1453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Klipp, C.L., and Mahrt, L. (2004). Flux–gradient relationship, self-correlation and intermittency in the stable boundary layer. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 130, 2087–2103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Klute, A. (1986). Water retention: Laboratory methods. In Klute, A. (eds.), Methods of soil analysis; Part 1: Physical and mineralogical methods (pp. 635–662). Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, Agronomy series, 9.Google Scholar

Klute, A., and Dirksen, C. (1986). Hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity: Laboratory methods. In Klute, A. (ed.), Methods of soil analysis; Part 1: Physical and mineralogical methods (pp. 687–734). Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, Agronomy series, 9.Google Scholar

Kohsiek, W., Liebethal, C., Foken, T., Vogt, R., Oncley, S.P., Bernhofer, Ch., and De Bruin, H.A.R. (2007). The Energy Balance Experiment EBEX-2000. Part III: Behaviour and quality of the radiation measurements. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 123, 55–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kollet, S., Cvijanovic, I., Schüttemeyer, D., Moene, A.F., and Bayer, P. (2009). The influence of the sensible heat of rain, subsurface heat convection and the lower temperature boundary condition on the energy balance at the land surface. Vadose Zone Journal, 8, 846–857CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kondo, J., Kanechika, O., and Yasuda, N. (1978). Heat and momentum transfers under strong stability in the atmospheric surface layer. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 35, 1012–1021.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Konrad, W., Roth-Nebelsick, A., and Grein, M. (2008). Modelling of stomatal density response to atmospheric CO2. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 253, 638–658.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Koorevaar, P., Menelik, G., and Dirksen, C. (1983). Elements of soil physics. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar

Kopp, G., and Lean, J. (2011). A new, lower value of total solar irradiance: Evidence and climate significance. Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L01706.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kormann, R., and Meixner, F.X. (2001). An analytical footprint model for non-neutral stratification. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 99, 207–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kroes, J.G., and Roelsma, J. (1997). User’s Guide ANIMO 3.5; input instructions and technical programme description. Wageningen: DLO Winand Staring Centre, Technical Document 46.Google Scholar

Kroes, J.G., van Dam, J.C., Groenendijk, P., Hendriks, R.F.A., and Jacobs, C.M.J. (2008). SWAP version 3.2. Theory description and user manual. Wageningen: Alterra, Report 1649.Google Scholar

Lahou, F., Saïd, F., Lothon, M., Durand, P., and Sarça, D. (2010). Impact of boundary-layer processes on near-surface turbulence within the West African monsoon. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 136, 1–23CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lambers, H., Chapin, F. Stuart, and Pons, T.L. (2008). Plant physiological ecology, 2nd ed. New York: Springer Science+Business Media.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Launiainen, J. (1995). Derivation of the relationship between the Obukhov stability parameter and the bulk Richardson number for flux-profile studies. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 76, 165–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lee, R. (1978). Forest micrometeorology. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Lee, X., Massman, W., and Law, B., Eds. (2004). Handbook of micrometeorology: A guide for surface flux measurement and analysis. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic,.Google Scholar

Leij, F.J., Alves, W.J., van Genuchten, M. Th., and Williams, J.R. (1996). The UNSODA unsaturated soil hydraulic database. User’s manual Version 1.0. Riverside, CA: US Salinity Laboratory.Google Scholar

Leistra, M., van der Linden, A.M.A., Boesten, J.J.T.I., Tiktak, A., and van den Berg, F. (2001). PEARL model for pesticide behaviour and emissions in soil-plant systems. Description of processes. Wageningen: Alterra report, 13.Google Scholar

Lenschow, D.H., Mann, J., and Kristensen, L. (1994). How long is long enough when measuring fluxes and other turbulence statistics. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 11, 661–673.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lesieur, M. (1993). Turbulence in fluids, 2nd ed. Dordrecht: Kluwer.Google Scholar

Lettau, H.H. (1979). Wind and temperature profile prediction surface layer including strong inversion cases. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 17, 443–464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Leuning, R. (1995) A critical appraisal of a combined stomatal-photosynthesis model for C3 plants. Plant, Cell & Environment, 18, 339–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Levis, S. (2010). Modeling vegetation and land use in models of the Earth System. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 1, 840–856.Google Scholar

Li, D. E. Bou-Zeid, and DeBruin, H.A.R. (2012). Monin–Obukhov similarity functions for the structure parameters of temperature and humidity. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 145, 45–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lloyd, C.R., Gash, J.H.C., Shuttleworth, W.H., and Marques, A.O. (1988). The measuring and modelling of rainfall interception by Amazonian rainforests. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 43, 277–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lloyd, J., and Taylor, J.T. (1994). On the temperature dependence of soil respiration. Functional Ecology, 8, 315–323.Google Scholar

Maas, E.V. (1990). Crop salt tolerance. In Tanji, K.K. (ed.), Agricultural salinity assessment and management (pp. 262–304). New York: ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice, no. 71.Google Scholar

Maas, E.V., and Hoffman, G.J. (1977). Crop salt tolerance-current assessment. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Divisions, 103, 115–134.Google Scholar

Mahfouf, J.-F. (2010). Assimilation of satellite-derived soil moisture from ASCAT in a limited-area NWP model. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 136, 784–798.Google Scholar

Mahrt, L. (1987). Grid-averaged surface fluxes. Monthly Weather Review, 115, 1550–1560.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mahrt, L. (1996). The bulk aerodynamic formulation over heterogeneous surfaces. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 78, 87–l19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Makkink, G.F. (1957). Testing the Penman formula by means of lysimeters. Journal of International Water Engineering, 11, 277–288.Google Scholar

Malhi, Y. (1996). The behaviour of the roughness length for temperature over heterogeneous surfaces. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 122, 1095–1125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Manabe, S. (1969). Climate and the ocean circulation: 1, the atmospheric circulation and the hydrology of the Earth’s surface. Monthly Weather Review, 97, 739–805.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Marsily, G. de (1986). Quantitative hydrogeology. Groundwater hydrology for engineers. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Massman, W.J. (1997). An analytical one-dimensional model of momentum transfer by vegetation of arbitrary structure. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 83, 407–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Masson, V., Champeaux, J.-L., Chauvin, F., Meriguet, C., and Lacaze, R. (2003). A global database of land surface parameters at 1-km resolution in meteorological and climate models. Journal of Climate, 16, 1261–1282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mauder, M., Liebethal, C., Göckede, M., Leps, J.-P., Beyrich, F., and Foken, T. (2006). Processing and quality control of flux data during LITFASS-2003. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 121, 67–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McCaughey, J.H., Mullins, D.W., and Publicover, M. (1987). Comparative performance of two reversing Bowen ratio measurement systems. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 4, 724–730.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McNaughton, K. G., Clement, R.J., and Moncrieff, J. B. (2007). Scaling properties of velocity and temperature spectra above the surface friction layer in a convective atmospheric boundary layer. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 14, 257–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Metselaar, K., and De Jong van Lier, Q. (2007). The shape of the transpiration reduction function under plant water stress. Vadose Zone Journal, 6, 124–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Meyers, T.P., and Hollinger, S.E. (2004). An assessment of storage terms in the surface energy balance of maize and soybean. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 125, 105–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moene, A.F., and Schüttemeyer, D. (2008). The effect of surface heterogeneity on the temperature–humidity correlation and the relative transport efficiency. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 129, 99–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moene, A.F., Schüttemeyer, D., and Hartogensis, O.K. (2006). Scalar similarity functions: The influence of surface heterogeneity and entrainment. Paper presented at the 17th Boundary-Layer and Turbulence Conference, 22–25 May 2006, San Diego. American Meteorological Society, Boston, p 5.1Google Scholar

Mogensen, V.O. (1970). The calibration factor of heat flux meters in relation to the thermal conductivity of the surrounding medium. Agricultural Meteorology, 7, 401–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Molden, D., Murray-Rust, H., Sakthivadivel, R., and Makin, I. (2003). A water-productivity framework for understanding and action. In Kijne, J.W., Barker, R. and Molden, D. (eds.), Water productivity in agriculture: Limits and opportunities for improvement (pp. 1–18). Wallingford: CABI.Google Scholar

Molz, F.J. (1981). Models of water transport in the soil-plant system: A review. Water Resources Research, 17, 1245–1260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moncrieff, J.B., Massheder, J.M., de Bruin, H., Elbers, J., Friborg, T., Heusinkveld, B., Kabat, P., Scott, S., Soegaard, H., and Verhoef, A. (1997). A system to measure surface fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, water vapour and carbon dioxide. Journal of Hydrology, 188–189, 589–611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Monin, A.S., and Obukhov, A.M. (1954). Basic laws of turbulent mixing in the surface layer of the atmosphere. Tr. Akad. Nauk SSSR Geophiz. Inst. 24, 163–187 (translation edited by McNaughton, K. G., available from (Accessed February 25, 2013).Google Scholar

Monin, A.S., and Yaglom, A.S. (1971). Statistical fluid mechanics: Mechanics of turbulence, Vol. I. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Monteith, J.L. (1965). Evaporation and the Environment. In Fogg, G.E. (ed.), The state and movement of water in living organisms (pp. 205–234). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Monteith, J.L. (1995). A reinterpretation of stomatal responses to humidity. Plant, Cell and Environment, 18, 357–364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Monteith, J.L., and Unsworth, M.H. (2008). Principles of environmental physics, 3rd ed. Burlington: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Moors, E. (2002). Hydrologische woordenlijst. Zeist: NHV (Dutch Hydrological Society), in Dutch.Google Scholar

Mualem, Y. (1976). A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media. Water Resources Research, 12, 513–522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mundel, G. (1992). Untersuchungen zur Evapotranspiration von Silomaisbeständen in Lysimetern. Archiv für Acker- und Pflanzenbau und Bodenkunde, 36, 35–44.Google Scholar

Muzylo, A., Llorens, P., Valente, F., Keizer, J.J., Domingo, F., and Gash, J.H.C. (2009). A review of rainfall interception modelling. Journal of Hydrology, 370, 191–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nielsen, D.R., van Genuchten, M.Th., and Biggar, J.W. (1986). Water flow and solute transport in the unsaturated zone. Water Resources Research, 22 (Supplement), 89S–108S.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nimmo, J.R., Rubin, J., and Hammermeister, D.P. (1987). Unsaturated flow in a centrifugal field: measurement of hydraulic conductivity and testing of Darcy’s law. Water Resources Research, 32, 124–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ochsner, E.T., Horton, R., and Ren, T. (2001). A new perspective on soil thermal properties. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 65, 1641–1647.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

O’Donnell, J.A., Romanovsky, V.E., Harden, J.W., and McGuire, A.D. (2009). The effect of moisture content on the thermal conductivity of moss and organic soil horizons from black spruce ecosystems in interior Alaska. Soil Science, 174, 646–651CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ommen, H.C. van (1988). Transport from diffuse sources of contamination and its application to a coupled unsaturated-saturated system. Unpublished PhD thesis, Wageningen University.Google Scholar

Oke, T.R. (1987). Boundary layer climates, 2nd ed. London: Methuen.Google Scholar

Papaioannou, G., Nikolidakis, G., Asimakopoulos, D., and Retalis, D. (1996). Photosynthetically active radiation in Athens. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 81, 287–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Paulson, C.A. (1970). The mathematical representation of wind speed and temperature profiles in the unstable atmospheric-surface layer. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 9, 857–861.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pauwels, V.R.N., Verhoest, N.E.C., De Lannoy, G.J.M., Guissard, V., Lucau, C., and Defourny, P. (2007). Optimization of a coupled hydrology – crop growth model through the assimilation of observed soil moisture and leaf area index values using an ensemble Kalman filter. Water Resources Research, 43, W04421, doi:.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Paw, U, K.T., Qiu, J., Su, H.B., Watanabe, T., and Brunet, Y. (1995). Surface renewal analysis: A new method to obtain scalar fluxes without velocity data. Agricultural and ForestMeteorology, 74, 119–137.Google Scholar

Penning de Vries, F.W.T., and van Laar, H.H. (1982). Simulation of plant growth and crop production. Wageningen: Pudoc.Google Scholar

Peters-Lidard, C.D., Blackburn, E., Liang, X., and Wood, E.F. (1998). The effect of soil thermal conductivity parameterization on surface energy fluxes and temperatures. Journal of Atmosperic Science, 55, 1209–1224.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Petty, G.W. (2004). A first course in atmospheric radiation. Madison, WI: Sundog Publishing.Google Scholar

Philippon, N., Jarlan, L., Martiny, N., Camberlin, P., and Mougin, E., (2007). Characterization of the interannual and intraseasonal variability of West African vegetation between 1982 and 2002 by means of NOAA AVHRR NDVI data. Journal of Climate, 20, 1202–1218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pitman, A.J. (2003). The evolution of, and revolution in, land surface schemes designed for climate models. International Journal of Climatology, 23, 479–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Priestley, C.H.B., and Taylor, R.J. (1972). On the assessment of surface heat flux and evaporation using large scale parameters. Monthly Weather Review, 100, 81–92.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Prinn, R.G., Weiss, R.F., Fraser, P.J., Simmonds, P.G., Cunnold, D.M., Alyea, F.N., O’Doherty, S., Salameh, P., Miller, B.R., Huang, J., Wang, R.H.J., Hartley, D.E., Harth, C., Steele, L.P., Sturrock, G., Midgley, P.M., and McCulloch, A. (2000). A history of chemically and radiatively important gases in air deduced from ALE/GAGE/AGAGE. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 17751–17792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Raats, P.A.C. (1975). Distribution of salts in the crop root zone. Journal of Hydrology, 27, 237–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Radcliffe, E.R., and Šimůnek, J. (2010). Soil physics with HYDRUS: Modeling and applications. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar

Reichstein, M., Falge, E., Baldocchi, D., Papale, D., Aubinet, M., Berbigier, P., Bernhofer, C., Buchmann, N., Gilmanov, T., Granier, A., Grünwald, T., Havránková, K., Ilvesniemi, H., Janous, D., Knohl, A., Laurila, T., Lohila, A., Loustau, D., Matteucci, G., Meyers, T., Miglietta, F., Ourcival, J.-M., Pumpanen, J., Rambal, S., Rotenberg, E., Sanz, M., Tenhunen, J., Seufert, G., Vaccari, F., Vesala, T., Yakir, D., and Valentini, R. (2005). On the separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and ecosystem respiration: Review and improved algorithm. Global Change Biology, 11, 1424–1439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Reynolds, O. (1895). On the dynamical theory of incompressible viscous fluids and the determination of the criterion. Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society, 186, 123–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rhoades, J.D., Kandiah, A., and Mashali, A.M. (1992). The use of saline water for crop production. Rome: FAO, Irrigation and Drainage Paper 48.Google Scholar

Rijtema, P.E. (1965). An analysis of actual evapotranspiration. Agricultural Research Report 659. Wageningen: Pudoc.Google Scholar

Rijtema, P.E., Groenendijk, P., and Kroes, J.G. (1997). ANIMO, a dynamic simulation model for transport and transformation of nutrients and organic materials in soils. Wageningen: DLO Winand Staring Centre, Report 30.Google Scholar

Riou, C. (1982). Une expression analytique du flux de chaleur sensible en conditions suradiabatiques à partir de mesures du vent et de la température à deux niveaux. Journal de Recherches Atmosphériques, 16, 15–22.Google Scholar

Riseborough, D., Shiklomanov, N., Etzelmüller, B., Gruber, S., and Marchenko, S. (2008). Recent advances in Permafrost modelling. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 19, 137–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ritsema, C.J., van Dam, J.C., Dekker, L.W., and Oostindie, K. (2005). A new modeling approach to simulate preferential flow and transport in water repellent porous media: Model structure and validation. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 43, 361–369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ritzema, H.P. (1994). Drainage principles and applications, 2nd ed. Wageningen: ILRI, Publication 16.Google Scholar

Rodriguez-Iturbe, I., and Porporato, A. (2004). Ecohydrology of water-controlled ecosystems: soil moisture and plant dynamics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Ronda, R.J., de Bruin, H.A.R., and Holtslag, A.A.M. (2001). Representation of the canopy conductance in modeling the surface energy budget for low vegetation. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 40, 1431–14442.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Roth, C.H., Malicki, M.A., and Plagge, R. (1992). Empirical evaluation of the relationship between soil dielectric constant and volumetric water content as the basis for calibrating soil moisture measurements by TDR. Journal of Soil Science, 43, 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rothman, L.S., et al. (2009). The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 110, 533–572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rutter, A., Morton, A., and Robins, P. (1975). A predictive model of rainfall interception in forests. II Generalization of the model and comparison with observations in some coniferous and hardwood stands. Journal of Applied Ecology, 12, 367–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Santanello, J.A., and Friedl, M.A. (2003). Diurnal covariation in soil heat flux and net radiation. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 42, 851–862.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sarwar, A., Bastiaanssen, W.M.G., Boers, Th.M., and van Dam, J.C. (2000). Evaluating drainage design parameters for the fourth drainage project, Pakistan by using the SWAP model: Part 1: Calibration. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 14, 257–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sauer, T.J., Meek, D.W., Ochsner, T.E., Harris, A R., and Horton, R. (2003). Errors in heat flux measurement by flux plates of contrasting design and thermal conductivity. Vadose Zone Journal, 2, 580–588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schaik, N.L.M.B., Hendriks, R.F.A., and van Dam, J.C. (2010). Parameterization of macropore flow using dye-tracer infiltration patterns in the SWAP model. Vadose Zone Journal, 9, 95–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schalkwijk, J., Bosveld, F., and Siebesma, A. (2010). Timescales and structures in vertical transport in the atmospheric boundary layer. Technical Report WR-2010–02, KNMI.

Scharmer, K., and Greif, J., eds. (2000). The European solar radiation atlas, Vol. 2: Database and exploitation software. Paris: Les Presses de l’ École des Mines.Google Scholar

Schmid, H.P. (1997). Experimental design for flux measurements: Matching scales of observations and fluxes. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 87, 179–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schmidt, W. (1921). Wird die Luft durch Konvektion von der Erdoberfllche her erwarmt?Meterologikal Zeitschrift, 38, 262.Google Scholar

Schröder, T., Javaux, M., Vanderborght, J., Körfgen, B., and Vereecken, H. (2009). Implementation of a microscopic soil-root hydraulic conductivity drop function in a three dimensional soil-root architecture water transfer model. Vadose Zone Journal, 8, 783–792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schüttemeyer, D., Moene, A.F., Holtslag, A.A.M., de Bruin, H.A.R., and van de Giesen, N. (2006). Surface fluxes and characteristics of drying semi-arid terrain in West Africa. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 118, 583–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schüttemeyer, D., Schillings, Ch., Moene, A.F., and de Bruin, H.A.R. (2007). Satellite-based actual evapotranspiration over drying semiarid terrain in West-Africa. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 46, 97–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schuurmans, J., Troch, P.A., Veldhuizen, A., Bastiaanssen, W.G.M., and Bierkens, M., (2003). Assimilation of remotely sensed latent heat flux in a distributed hydrological model. Advanced Water Resources, 26, 151–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Scott, H.D. (2000). Soil physics: Agricultural and environmental applications. Ames: Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar

Sellers, P.J. (1985). Canopy reflectance, photosynthesis and transpiration. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 6, 1335–1372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sellers, P.J., Randall, D.A., Collatz, G.J., Berry, J.A., Field, C.B., Dazlich, D.A., Zhang, C., Collelo, G.D., and Bounoua, L. (1996). A revised land surface parameterization (SiB2) for atmospheric GCMS. Part I: Model formulation. Journal of Climate, 9, 676–705.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sellers, P.J., Dickinson, R.E., Randall, D.A., Betts, A.K., Hall, F.G., Berry, J.A., Collatz, G.J., Denning, A.S., Mooney, H.A., Nobre, C.A., Sato, N., Field, C.B., and Henderson-Sellers, A. (1997). Modelling the exchanges of energy, water and carbon between continents and the atmosphere. Science, 275, 502–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Seneviratne, S.I., Lüthi, D., Litschi, M., and Schär, C. (2006). Land–atmosphere coupling and climate change in Europe, Nature, 443, 205–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Seth, A., Giorgi, F., and Dickinson, R.E. (1994). Simulating fluxes from heterogeneous land surface: Explicit subgrid method employing the biosphere-atmosphere transfer scheme (BATS). Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 18651–18667.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Shuttleworth, W.J., and Wallace, J.S. (1985). Evaporation from sparse crops – an energy combination theory. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 111, 839–855.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Šimůnek, J., Sejna, M., and van Genuchten, M.Th. (1998a). The HYDRUS-1D software package for simulating one-dimensional water, heat, and multiple solutes in variably saturated media, Version 2.0. Riverside, CA: US Salinity Laboratory.Google Scholar

Šimůnek, J., Angula-Jaramillo, R., Schaap, M.G., Vabdervaere, J.-P, and van Genuchten, M.Th. (1998b). Using an inverse method to estimate the hydraulic properties of crusted soils from tension disc infiltrometer data. Geoderma, 86, 61–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar