This chapter describes how international courts use online dispute resolution systems (ODR) to reduce costs and enable litigants to more effectively and efficiently resolve disputes. Courts in the United States can similarly use ODR to overcome hurdles that result from not being represented by a lawyer.

One way to lower barriers to access to justice is to resolve disputes outside the traditional court system. For almost three decades, American courts, from federal circuits to small claims, have been adopting ADR systems and empaneling dispute resolution practitioners to help manage court caseloads. Mediation and other types of court-annexed ADR systems generally are not best suited to parties who are looking for vindication, want to establish precedent, or want to maximize short-term recovery. Instead, the most satisfied users of ADR systems tend to be litigants who value quick results, privacy, simplicity, relationship retention, outcome compliance, and who want to minimize cost, risk, time, formality, and conflict.

Courts can play an important role in the ADR process by using collaborative technology that enables parties to choose methods of dispute resolution other than traditional litigation. This approach can help alleviate the overcrowded dockets of courts around the country, and ODR technologies can provide a less legalistic and more intuitive mechanism for resolving disputes.

Courts might find it cost-effective to also adopt an approved set of online workspaces through which empaneled dispute resolution practitioners can leverage ADR and ODR systems to improve access. Associations of dispute resolution practitioners, local bar associations, and even the Legal Services Corporation might share the tasks of testing and recommending preferred online workspaces and helping with licensing and training.