John Calvin is a controversial candidate for the honor roll of religious liberty in the West. He is at once valorized and villainized both for his theology and for his politics of religious liberty, particularly his participation in the execution of Michael Servetus. Calvin's champions can be found in many quarters. John Adams urged: “Let not Geneva be forgotten or despised. Religious liberty owes it much respect, Servetus notwithstanding.” Jean-Jacques Rousseau, for all his anti-religious sentiment, had only praise for his compatriot: “Those who consider Calvin only as a theologian fail to recognize the breadth of his genius. The editing of our wise laws, in which he had a large share, does him as much credit as his Institutes … [S]o long as the love of country and liberty is not extinct among us, the memory of this great man will be held in reverence.” Charles Borgeaud judged Calvin's Geneva to be “the first stronghold” of religious and political liberty in modern times. Both Emile Doumergue and Walter Köhler described Calvin as the “pioneer of the freedom of conscience and human rights” that were finally constitutionalized after the eighteenth-century American and French Revolutions.