Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Foreword
- Contents
- Preface
- Abbreviations
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Taxonomy (general)
- 3 Taxonomy (Sino-Tibetan)
- 4 Tibeto-Burman classification
- 5 Tibeto-Burman reconstruction (history)
- 6 Tibeto-Burman primary sources
- 7 Tibeto-Burman consonants (general; final)
- 8 Tibeto-Burman consonants (initial)
- 9 Tibeto-Burman consonant clusters
- 10 Tibeto-Burman vowels (finals; diphthongs)
- 11 Tibeto-Burman vowels (medials)
- 12 Tibeto-Burman tones
- 13 Tibeto-Burman morphology (history)
- 14 Tibeto-Burman morphology (categories)
- 15 Tibeto-Burman pronouns
- 16 Tibeto-Burman numerals
- 17 Tibeto-Burman morphology and syntax (general)
- 18 Tibeto-Burman affixes (special)
- 19 Tibeto-Burman affixes (general)
- 20 Tibeto-Burman dental suffixes
- 21 Tibeto-Burman prefixes (general)
- 22 Tibeto-Burman prefixed *s-
- 23 Tibeto-Burman prefixed *r-
- 24 Tibeto-Burman prefixed *b-
- 25 Tibeto-Burman prefixed *g-
- 26 Tibeto-Burman prefixed *d-
- 27 Tibeto-Burman prefixed *m-
- 28 Tibeto-Burman prefixed *a-
- 29 Tibeto-Burman alternation (consonantal, vocalic)
- 30 Karen (general)
- 31 Karen morphology (categories) and syntax
- 32 Karen pronouns
- 33 Karen numerals
- 34 Karen prefixes
- 35 Karen initial consonants and clusters
- 36 Karen final consonants and medial vowels
- 37 Karen final vowels and semi-vowels
- 38 Karen tones
- 39 Chinese (general, history)
- 40 Chinese morphology (prefixes, suffixes, alternation)
- 41 Chinese pronouns
- 42 Chinese numerals
- 43 Chinese phonology (history)
- 44 Chinese consonants (initials, finals)
- 45 Chinese consonant clusters
- 46 Chinese vowels and diphthongs
- 47 Chinese tones
- 48 Résumé (Chinese)
- Appendix I Tibeto-Burman roots
- Appendix II English–TB index
- Appendix III Primary Tibeto-Burman sources
- Appendix IV Author's and editor's bibliography
36 - Karen final consonants and medial vowels
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 November 2010
- Frontmatter
- Foreword
- Contents
- Preface
- Abbreviations
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Taxonomy (general)
- 3 Taxonomy (Sino-Tibetan)
- 4 Tibeto-Burman classification
- 5 Tibeto-Burman reconstruction (history)
- 6 Tibeto-Burman primary sources
- 7 Tibeto-Burman consonants (general; final)
- 8 Tibeto-Burman consonants (initial)
- 9 Tibeto-Burman consonant clusters
- 10 Tibeto-Burman vowels (finals; diphthongs)
- 11 Tibeto-Burman vowels (medials)
- 12 Tibeto-Burman tones
- 13 Tibeto-Burman morphology (history)
- 14 Tibeto-Burman morphology (categories)
- 15 Tibeto-Burman pronouns
- 16 Tibeto-Burman numerals
- 17 Tibeto-Burman morphology and syntax (general)
- 18 Tibeto-Burman affixes (special)
- 19 Tibeto-Burman affixes (general)
- 20 Tibeto-Burman dental suffixes
- 21 Tibeto-Burman prefixes (general)
- 22 Tibeto-Burman prefixed *s-
- 23 Tibeto-Burman prefixed *r-
- 24 Tibeto-Burman prefixed *b-
- 25 Tibeto-Burman prefixed *g-
- 26 Tibeto-Burman prefixed *d-
- 27 Tibeto-Burman prefixed *m-
- 28 Tibeto-Burman prefixed *a-
- 29 Tibeto-Burman alternation (consonantal, vocalic)
- 30 Karen (general)
- 31 Karen morphology (categories) and syntax
- 32 Karen pronouns
- 33 Karen numerals
- 34 Karen prefixes
- 35 Karen initial consonants and clusters
- 36 Karen final consonants and medial vowels
- 37 Karen final vowels and semi-vowels
- 38 Karen tones
- 39 Chinese (general, history)
- 40 Chinese morphology (prefixes, suffixes, alternation)
- 41 Chinese pronouns
- 42 Chinese numerals
- 43 Chinese phonology (history)
- 44 Chinese consonants (initials, finals)
- 45 Chinese consonant clusters
- 46 Chinese vowels and diphthongs
- 47 Chinese tones
- 48 Résumé (Chinese)
- Appendix I Tibeto-Burman roots
- Appendix II English–TB index
- Appendix III Primary Tibeto-Burman sources
- Appendix IV Author's and editor's bibliography
Summary
Final consonants are greatly reduced in Karen. Pwo parallels Modern Burmese in replacing final nasals by nasalization, and final stops by glottal stop. Sgaw lacks even nasalized vowels, but has glottal stop as in Pwo. Taungthu appears to retain distinctions in final nasals at least in part, but final glottal stops have not been recorded for this language. Several of the Taungthu words with final nasal are isolated in Karen; cf. prŏŋ ‘mouth’, hau poŋ ‘good’, lɔn ‘come’, lam ‘house’, kam ‘gold’ (a Thai loan-word). The regular correspondences for TB final nasals are illustrated below:
Pwo khą, Sgaw khɔ, Taungthu kaŋ-ya ‘foot, leg’; cf. T rkaŋ-pa.
Pwo kǝshą, Sgaw kǝshɔ ‘elephant’; cf. B tshaŋ.
Pwo mi mą, Sgaw mi mɔ ‘dream’ (in comp. with ‘sleep’); cf. TB *maŋ.
Pwo wą, Sgaw wɔ ‘surround; circular’; TB *hwaŋ.
Pwo ą, Sgaw ɔ, Taungthu am ‘eat’; cf. the following root:
(481) Nung am ‘eat’, Dhimal am ‘drink’ (TB *am).
Pwo phü-thą∼phu-thą, Sgaw thɔ ‘bear’; TB *d-wam.
Pwo γε, Sgaw γe ‘row’; TB *ren.
Pwo khlε ‘speak’; cf. T gleŋ-ba ‘say, talk, converse’.
Pwo khε, Sgaw ki ‘tie around, gird, bind’; cf. B khyań ‘bind, fasten’.
Pwo nǫ, Sgaw nǝ, Taungthu nuŋ ‘horn’; cf. TB *ruŋ (K nruŋ).
Pwo lǫ, Sgaw lǝ, Taungthu luŋ ‘stone’; TB *r-luŋ.
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- Sino-TibetanA Conspectus, pp. 142 - 147Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1972