Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Conventions used in the book
- Chapter 1 Introduction
- Chapter 2 The sounds of Turkish
- Chapter 3 The noun: an overview
- Chapter 4 Case markers
- Chapter 5 Genitive and possessive
- Chapter 6 Numerals and plurality
- Chapter 7 Existential var / yok
- Chapter 8 Pronouns
- Chapter 9 The verb: an overview
- Chapter 10 -Iyor, the progressive
- Chapter 11 Future with -(y)AcAK
- Chapter 12 Past with -DI and -(y)DI
- Chapter 13 -mIş and -(y)mIş
- Chapter 14 Present tense with the aorist -Ir/-Ar
- Chapter 15 -mAktA and -DIr
- Chapter 16 Imperative and optative
- Chapter 17 Compound tenses
- Chapter 18 Person markers
- Chapter 19 Postpositions
- Chapter 20 Passive
- Chapter 21 Causative
- Chapter 22 Reflexive
- Chapter 23 Reciprocal
- Chapter 24 Subordination
- Chapter 25 Infinitives with -mA and -mAK
- Chapter 26 Adjectives
- Chapter 27 Adverbials
- Chapter 28 Conditional
- Chapter 29 Ability and possibility with -(y)Abil
- Chapter 30 Obligation and necessity
- Chapter 31 Relative clauses
- Chapter 32 Word order
- Chapter 33 Questions
- Chapter 34 Negation
- Chapter 35 Coordination
- Chapter 36 Diminutive
- Chapter 37 Reduplication
- Chapter 38 Interjections and some idiomatic expressions
- Chapter 39 Spelling and punctuation
- Chapter 40 Conversation
- Appendix A Verbal inflection paradigms
- Appendix B Nominal inflection paradigms
- Appendix C Verbs categorized according to their case-marked complements
- Appendix D Verbs categorized according to their clausal complement types
- Appendix E Selected grammar books for further study
- Appendix F Answer key to the exercises
- Appendix G Glossary of grammatical terms
- Index
Chapter 27 - Adverbials
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Conventions used in the book
- Chapter 1 Introduction
- Chapter 2 The sounds of Turkish
- Chapter 3 The noun: an overview
- Chapter 4 Case markers
- Chapter 5 Genitive and possessive
- Chapter 6 Numerals and plurality
- Chapter 7 Existential var / yok
- Chapter 8 Pronouns
- Chapter 9 The verb: an overview
- Chapter 10 -Iyor, the progressive
- Chapter 11 Future with -(y)AcAK
- Chapter 12 Past with -DI and -(y)DI
- Chapter 13 -mIş and -(y)mIş
- Chapter 14 Present tense with the aorist -Ir/-Ar
- Chapter 15 -mAktA and -DIr
- Chapter 16 Imperative and optative
- Chapter 17 Compound tenses
- Chapter 18 Person markers
- Chapter 19 Postpositions
- Chapter 20 Passive
- Chapter 21 Causative
- Chapter 22 Reflexive
- Chapter 23 Reciprocal
- Chapter 24 Subordination
- Chapter 25 Infinitives with -mA and -mAK
- Chapter 26 Adjectives
- Chapter 27 Adverbials
- Chapter 28 Conditional
- Chapter 29 Ability and possibility with -(y)Abil
- Chapter 30 Obligation and necessity
- Chapter 31 Relative clauses
- Chapter 32 Word order
- Chapter 33 Questions
- Chapter 34 Negation
- Chapter 35 Coordination
- Chapter 36 Diminutive
- Chapter 37 Reduplication
- Chapter 38 Interjections and some idiomatic expressions
- Chapter 39 Spelling and punctuation
- Chapter 40 Conversation
- Appendix A Verbal inflection paradigms
- Appendix B Nominal inflection paradigms
- Appendix C Verbs categorized according to their case-marked complements
- Appendix D Verbs categorized according to their clausal complement types
- Appendix E Selected grammar books for further study
- Appendix F Answer key to the exercises
- Appendix G Glossary of grammatical terms
- Index
Summary
Adverbs and adverbials
Adverbs are those words or phrases that modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbials, or whole sentences. In terms of their meaning, they may express time, manner, place, quantity, degree, or respect. In terms of their form, they may be simple or derived. Words such as şimdi ‘now,’ hemen ‘right away,’ asla ‘never,’ belki ‘maybe’ are some of the simplex adverbs in Turkish. We use the term ‘adverb’ for such words that stand as one single word functioning as an adverb. Groups of words or phrases such as ‘in front of the library’ or ‘by a new regulation’ that are nouns or noun phrases most of the time but have adverb function are called ‘adverbials.’ These phrases modify verbs by describing how, where, or when the event happens.
Derivation of adverbs
Adjectives can be used as adverbs in Turkish. In other words, the same form can be used as an adverb or as an adjective. This is similar to the use of the word fast in English.
Ahmet hızlı arabalardan hoşlanıyor. Adjective, hızlı modifies ‘car.’
Ahmet çok hızlı koşuyor. Adverb, hızlı modifies ‘running.’
Adverbs may be derived by reduplication of adjectives and, marginally, nouns. Some examples are as follows. In some reduplicated adverbs (e.g., yavaş yavaş ‘slowly’) the interpretation also implies an action that is done in steps. In the first example below, the woman eats her meal slowly but also piece by piece.
Yaşlı kadın yavaş yavaş yemeğini bitirdi.
‘The old woman finished her meal slowly.’
(yavaş ‘slow,’ yavaş yavaş ‘slowly’)
Biz kolay kolay bu işten vazgeçmeyiz.
‘We don't give upon this job easily.’
(kolay ‘easy,’ kolay kolay ‘easily’)
Ahmet hızlı hızlı nereye gidiyor?
‘Where is Ahmet going this fast?’
(hızlı ‘fast,’ hızlı hızlı ‘fast – adverb’)
Çocuklar bahçe duvarında kardeş kardeş oturuyorlar.
‘The children are sitting on the wall in a sisterly/brotherly manner.’
(kardeş ‘sibling,’ kardeş kardeş ‘sisterly/brotherly manner’)
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- Information
- A Student Grammar of Turkish , pp. 190 - 200Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2012