Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Historical introduction
- PART I Epidemiological methods
- PART II Causative factors in human cancer
- PART III Legal and ethical considerations
- PART IV Introduction: total and specific site epidemiology
- PART V Buccal cavity
- PART VI Digestive system
- PART VII Respiratory system
- PART VIII Bone and soft tissue
- PART IX Skin
- PART X Breast and genitourinary system
- 40 Breast
- 41 Uterine cervix
- 42 Choriocarcinoma
- 43 Endometrium (corpus uteri)
- 44 Ovary
- 45 Prostate
- 46 Testis
- 47 Penis and scrotum
- 48 Urinary tract, bladder, ureter and urethra
- 49 Kidney and renal pelvis
- PART XI Eye and nervous system
- PART XII Thyroid and other endocrine glands, lymphoid and hematopoietic system
- PART XIII Cancers in children and multiple primary cancers
- Conclusions
- Appendix 1 Cancer statistics
- Appendix 2 A glossary of epidemiological terms
- Appendix 3 Acronyms and abbreviations
- Supplement
- Index
49 - Kidney and renal pelvis
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 May 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Historical introduction
- PART I Epidemiological methods
- PART II Causative factors in human cancer
- PART III Legal and ethical considerations
- PART IV Introduction: total and specific site epidemiology
- PART V Buccal cavity
- PART VI Digestive system
- PART VII Respiratory system
- PART VIII Bone and soft tissue
- PART IX Skin
- PART X Breast and genitourinary system
- 40 Breast
- 41 Uterine cervix
- 42 Choriocarcinoma
- 43 Endometrium (corpus uteri)
- 44 Ovary
- 45 Prostate
- 46 Testis
- 47 Penis and scrotum
- 48 Urinary tract, bladder, ureter and urethra
- 49 Kidney and renal pelvis
- PART XI Eye and nervous system
- PART XII Thyroid and other endocrine glands, lymphoid and hematopoietic system
- PART XIII Cancers in children and multiple primary cancers
- Conclusions
- Appendix 1 Cancer statistics
- Appendix 2 A glossary of epidemiological terms
- Appendix 3 Acronyms and abbreviations
- Supplement
- Index
Summary
Introduction
Cancers of the kidney are relatively uncommon, but a steadily increasing trend in both incidence and mortality has been reported.
Histology, classification and diagnosis
Most renal parenchymal tumors are adenocarcinomas. In the past, small tumors (<3 cm) were considered benign, but today, many believe that even small nodules are potentially malignant. New methods of diagnostic imaging have also increased accuracy of diagnosis with a possible impact on incidence. Malignant tumors of the renal pelvis are usually urothelial carcinomas, as in the bladder.
Nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumor) is a rare embryonal tumor of childhood with its own distinctive histological and cytogenic patterns.
Descriptive epidemiology
Incidence
Worldwide variation in these tumors is moderate, the highest rates (> 10) being seen in North America and Europe: in the male populations of Iceland (12.2), Sweden (11.3), and the Bas-Rhin department in France (11.0). Intermediate rates are seen in most remaining areas of the western world, rates being nearly identical in blacks and whites in the USA. Rates are very low in Chinese, Japanese, and Indians. Rates in Japanese and Chinese groups in the USA are, however, frequently higher. Renal pelvic cancer incidence usually reflects that of the parenchyma. However, high rates of renal pelvis and ureter cancer occur in regions where Balkan nephropathy is endemic (Castegnaro & Chernozemsky, 1987).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Human CancerEpidemiology and Environmental Causes, pp. 425 - 430Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1992
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