Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-m8s7h Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T22:27:19.112Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

10 - The Production of “Forgiveness”: God, Justice, and State Failure in Post-War Sierra Leone

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2010

Kamari Maxine Clarke
Affiliation:
Yale University, Connecticut
Mark Goodale
Affiliation:
George Mason University, Virginia
Get access

Summary

While the United States is fighting a rearguard action to limit the jurisdiction of the new International Criminal Court over American citizens, it is bankrolling a Special Court to deal with atrocities in Sierra Leone which is far from universally popular there…So far there has been little public enthusiasm for the Court. The Sierra Leonean people have shown themselves to be amazingly forgiving, but they are also very fatalistic…They undoubtedly feel that there should be some accounting for these terrible tragedies, but in the spirit of peace and reconciliation many feel that it is for God or Allah to determine retribution.…The Court has been set up with the best of intentions. But is it right to pursue the prosecutions in Sierra Leone at this time, when the wounds of the conflict are still so raw and the peace so fragile?…Do those involved realise that this is not just the exercise of justice, but something which has profound political and security implications? If the Special Court goes ahead it must be managed most carefully by officials, the government and the international community, otherwise the peace could be seriously undermined and even broken.

(Peter Penfold, Guardian Unlimited, October 20, 2002)

Are Sierra Leoneans so fatalistic as to believe that justice for those responsible for the violence that they have lived with for the last decade can only be administered by God?…What kind of restitution does someone who has had their hands chopped off hope for and expect? What justice is there for children who have watched their parents and siblings being mutilated and killed or, worse still, who themselves were forced to participate? […]

Type
Chapter
Information
Mirrors of Justice
Law and Power in the Post-Cold War Era
, pp. 208 - 226
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, Tim. 2005. War and Justice in Northern Uganda: An Assessment of the International Criminal Court's Intervention. Independent report. Crisis States Research Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science. http://www.crisisstates.com/publications/phase1papers.htm#special.
Allen, Tim. 2006. Trial Justice: The International Criminal Court and the Lord's Resistance Army. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Allen, Tim. 2007. The International Criminal Court and the invention of traditional justice in Northern Uganda. Politique Africaine 107: 147–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arbour, Louise. 2006. Economic and Social Justice for Societies in Transition. Annual Lecture on Transitional Justice, New York University School of Law. http://www.chrgj.org/publications/wp.html.
Archibald, Steven, and Richards, Paul. 2002. Converts to human rights: Popular debate about war and justice in rural central Sierra Leone. Africa 72: 339–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aretxaga, Begoña. 1997. Shattering Silence: Women, Nationalism, and Political Subjectivity in Northern Ireland. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Baines, Erin K. 2007. The haunting of Alice: Local approaches to justice and reconciliation in Northern Uganda. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1: 91–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bista, Dor Bahadur. 1991. Fatalism and Development: Nepal's Struggle for Modernization. Hyderabad, India: Orient Longman.Google Scholar
Boister, N.B. 2004. Failing to get to the heart of the matter in Sierra Leone? The Truth Commission is denied unrestricted access to Chief Hinga Norman. Journal of International Criminal Justice 2: 1100–1117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boraine, Alex. 2004. Transitional Justice as an Emerging Field. Presented at the symposium, Repairing the Past: Reparations and Transitions to Democracy. International Development Research Center, Ottawa, Canada, March 11.
Calderisi, Robert. 2006. The Trouble with Africa: Why Foreign Aid Isn't Working. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Clarke, Kamari Maxine, and Goodale, Mark. 2009. “Understanding the Multiplicity of Justice,” Introduction to current volume.Google Scholar
Cobban, Helena. 2007. Amnesty After Atrocity? Healing Nations after Genocide and War Crimes. Boulder, CO: Paradigm.Google Scholar
Greiff, Pablo. (ed.). 2006. The Handbook of Reparations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRef
Dorjahn, Vernon. 1960. The Changing Political System of the Temne. Africa 30: 110–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feher, Michel. 1999. Terms of reconciliation. In Hesse, C. and Post, R. (eds.). Human Rights in Political Transitions: Gettysburg to Bosnia. New York: Zone Books. pp. 325–338.Google Scholar
Ferme, Mariane C. 1998. The violence of numbers: Consensus, competition, and the negotiation of disputes in Sierra Leone. Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines 150–152 xxxviii-2–4:555–580.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finnström, Sverker. In press. Reconciliation grown bitter? War, retribution and ritual action in northern Uganda. In Shaw, R., and Waldorf, L., with Hazan, P. (eds.). Localizing Transitional Justice: Justice Interventions and Local Priorities after Mass Violence. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Gberie, Lansana. 2005. An Interview with Peter Penfold. African Affairs 104: 117–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, Catherine. 2000. Cultures of Empire: Colonizers in Britain and the Empire in the Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
Harrison, Lawrence E. 2006. The Central Liberal Truth: How Politics Can Change a Culture and Save It from Itself. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hayner, Priscilla B. 2001. Unspeakable Truths: Confronting State Terror and Atrocity. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, Eric, and Ranger, Terence (eds.). 1983. The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Watch, Human Rights. 1998. Sowing Terror: Atrocities Against Civilians in Sierra Leone. Vol. 10, No. 3 (A). Available at: http://www.hrw.org/reports98/sierra/.
Jackson, Michael. 2005. Storytelling events, violence, and the appearance of the past. Anthropological Quarterly 78: 355–375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, Richard C. 2007. Colonial Madness: Psychiatry in French North Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelsall, Tim, and Sawyer, Edward. 2007. Truth vs. Justice? Popular Views on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court For Sierra Leone. The Online Journal of Peace and Conflict Resolution 7. Available at: http://www.trinstitute.org/ojpcr/.Google Scholar
Macfarlane, Alan. 1994. Fatalism and development in Nepal. In Hutt, M. (ed.). Nepal in the Nineties. Delhi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mani, Rama. 2002. Beyond Retribution: Seeking Justice in the Shadows of War. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Mani, Rama. 2005. Balancing Peace with Justice in the Aftermath of Violent Conflict. Development 48: 25–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, William. 2003. Military patrimonialism and child soldier clientalism in the Liberian and Sierra Leonean civil wars. African Studies Review 46: 61–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nichols, Hans. 2005. Truth Challenges Justice in Freetown. Global Policy Forum. http://www.globalpolicy.org/intljustice/tribunals/sierra/2005/0105freetown.htm.
Penfold, Peter. 2002. Will Justice Help Peace in Sierra Leone?Guardian, October 20. Available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/oct/20/sierraleone.theworldtodayessays.Google Scholar
Pinto, Sarah. 2008. Where There Is No Midwife: Birth and Death in Rural India. Oxford: Berghahn Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, Paul. 2005. To fight or to farm? Agrarian dimensions of the Mano River conflicts (Liberia and Sierra Leone). African Affairs 104: 571–590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rotberg, Robert, and Thompson, Dennis (eds.). 2000. Truth v. Justice: The Morality of Truth Commissions. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRef
Schabas, William A. 2004. A synergistic relationship: The Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court for Sierra Leone. Criminal Law Forum 15: 3–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schabas, William A. 2006. The Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission. In Roht-Arriaza, N. and Mariezcurrena, J. (eds.). Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth versus Justice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 43–68.Google Scholar
Shaw, Rosalind. 2002. Memories of the Slave Trade: Ritual and the Historical Imagination in Sierra Leone. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Shaw, Rosalind. 2005. Rethinking Truth and Reconciliation Commissions: Lessons from Sierra Leone. United States Institute of Peace Special Report #130. Washington, DC. Available at: USIP Press. http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr130.html.
Shaw, Rosalind. 2007. Memory frictions: Localizing truth and reconciliation in Sierra Leone. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1: 183–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) of Sierra Leone. 2005. Final Report. Accessed at: http://trcsierraleone.org/drwebsite/publish/index.shtml.
Tutu, Desmond. 1999. No Future Without Forgiveness. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Nations, United. 1999. Seventh Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone, UN Doc. S/1999/836, 30 July 1999, para. 7. Available at: http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/reports/1999/sgrep99.htm.
Nations, United. 2003. International Criminal Court judges embody “our collective conscience” says Secretary-General to inaugural meeting in The Hague.” Press Release SG/SM/8628, L/3027, March 11, 2003. Available at: http://www.un.org/news/Press/docs/2003/sgsm8628.doc.htm.
Vincent, Robin. 2002. Punishment and Forgiveness in Sierra Leone. Guardian, November 3. Available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/nov/03/westafrica.sierraleone.Google Scholar
Wilson, Richard A. 2001. The Politics of Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×