INTRODUCTION

Since international legislation provides the basis and framework for international and national preventive measures and punitive action, the content and scope of international child labour standards will be analysed first. The following section examines which international treaty norms prohibit exploitative child labour as defined by the ILO and UNICEF, and what state obligations they impose. This includes the question of to what extent states are responsible in relation to private parties. Additionally, the question arises whether the prohibition of exploitative child labour forms part of customary law or can be classified as ius cogens.

It should be noted that conventions are binding for states parties that have ratified the relevant convention. By contrast, declarations and recommendations are not legally binding but may constitute important supplements and clarifications concerning conventions. As so-called ‘soft law’, recommendations can be relevant with regard to the process of the formation of customary or treaty law.

UN CONVENTIONS AND PROTOCOLS AND THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

The Slavery Convention

The Slavery Convention of 1926 was adopted under the auspices of the League of Nations and can be called the first modern international treaty for the protection of human rights. In 1991, eighty-six states had ratified the Convention.

Wording

Art. 1 (1) of the Slavery Convention defines slavery as: