At a time when large political and economic agglomerations like the USSR, Yugoslavia and Czecho-Slovakia have broken up, great confidence in strong customs unions (CUs) being the way of everyone's future seems a bit misplaced. Indeed, it is possible to argue that it is the extraordinary success of small East Asian entities like Hong Kong and Singapore within the GATT-governed multilateral trading system that now emboldens Croatians, Azerbaijanis, Latvians and Slovaks to assume that political independence need not mean economic disaster. It is possible to believe that a well-functioning, open multilateral trading system makes continental superpowers that run roughshod over cultural diversity anachronistic. With the multilateral trading system capable of substituting for much of the special economic advantages of large political size, the door might be viewed as potentially open for a plethora of economically viable microstates organised, perhaps in the East Asian image, on the basis of cultural affinity.

While liberal systems could make the world safe for cultural diversity, exclusivity does raise its ugly head. Croatians who believe that the GATT provides the economic charter for their political liberty may be in for a nasty surprise when they negotiate the terms of their access to Europe's so-called Single Market. Of course, it is the new vitality of regional arrangements such as the European Community and the North American Free-Trade Area (NAFTA) and prospective arrangements in East Asia, and not the obsolescence of dinosaurs like the USSR, that provide the context for this chapter.