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Chapter 26 - Citrus IPM

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2010

By
Richard F. Lee
Edited by
Edward B. Radcliffe ,
William D. Hutchison  and
Rafael E. Cancelado
Edward B. Radcliffe
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota
William D. Hutchison
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota
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Summary

IPM programs are designed to keep plants healthy and economically productive while minimizing environmental impact. Citrus (Citrus spp.) as clonally propagated perennial crops are subject to many graft-transmissible diseases caused by viruses, viroids and systemic prokaryotes. Some of these graft-transmissible diseases can be very destructive and even threaten the continued production of citrus in a production area, whereas other diseases cause minor losses. The starting point for an IPM program for citrus is to begin with healthy plants. The concept of planting with healthy plants in citrus began almost simultaneously with the discovery that some diseases of citrus were caused by graft-transmissible pathogens (GTPs). Indicator plants grafted with parts of diseased trees subsequently show characteristic symptoms for the disease (Fawcett, 1938). The concept of a clean stock program evolved from the finding that the disease could be prevented by using graft propagations from source trees that were free of the disease. Applications of this concept led to the development of regional and national clean stock programs and certification programs. GTPs of citrus which do not have insect vectors or other natural means of spread are easily controlled by use of clean, or “pathogen-tested,” budwood, but diseases which have a natural means of spread, such as insects, are more difficult to control. However, beginning with healthy plants is even more important for the management and control of these naturally spread graft-transmissible diseases.

Type
Chapter
Information
Integrated Pest Management
Concepts, Tactics, Strategies and Case Studies
 , pp. 341 - 353
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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