Introduction

A large western redcedar (Thuja plicata) may live to be 300 years old, and then may take another 300 years or more to decay (Embry 1963). Throughout its life and after its death, a tree can play a role in contributing to habitat quality for a succession of organisms (Maser et al. 1979) and in contributing to the quality of a site for future tree growth (Harmon et al. 1986). Trees provide cover, foraging sites, and food for many organisms, but the value of a tree to some species of mammals may only begin after the tree has died (Maser and Trappe 1984, Bartels et al. 1985, Hagan and Grove 1999).

Dead wood is a product of disturbances in forested ecosystems as well as a result of stand development (Fig. 11.1). Stands of trees typically develop following a disturbance that provides the opportunity for establishment of often more than 1000 tree seedlings per hectare (Spies and Franklin 1988). As stands develop, inter-tree competition results in mortality among those trees that are intolerant of shade or drought (Drew and Flewelling 1977, Oliver and Larson 1996). It is not uncommon to see over 90% of the trees in a stand die during the first few decades following stand establishment (Oliver and Larson 1996). Inter-tree competition mortality will continue for decades until some exogenous disturbance “thins” the stand providing the remaining trees with sufficient growing space (Agee 1999).