Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-2pzkn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T11:55:21.971Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - Strategic change processes: an organization development approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2010

Loizos Heracleous
Affiliation:
National University of Singapore
Get access

Summary

This chapter describes an organization development (OD) approach to managing strategic change processes, based on an “integrated organizational model” developed for this purpose, and illustrates its use through an empirical example. The process of applying the model and learning from this and other OD interventions shows how closer integration between the fields of OD and strategic management can help to bridge the gap of relevance between academic and practitioner concerns. The findings also highlight useful lessons which merit careful consideration by top management teams when developing strategy, and planning and leading strategic change. In terms of the organizational action (OA) view, this chapter exemplifies a processual approach to strategic choice and implementation that takes into account key organizational factors in planning for and implementing change. In addition, it presents an OD-oriented decision process that can support strategic choices by the dominant coalition; in doing so, it emphasizes the value of integrating OD with strategic management, in terms of enhanced practitioner relevance and more effective strategy implementation.

The need for relevance of the strategic management field

Strategic management is an applied field and as such its survival and growth depends not only on its theoretical sophistication and methodological rigor, but also on its relevance to practitioners Bower (1982; Seth and Zinkhan 1991). In spite of that, practitioners often do not perceive such relevance Bennett (1988; Business Week 1990).

Type
Chapter
Information
Strategy and Organization
Realizing Strategic Management
, pp. 125 - 146
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Argyris, C. and Schön, D. A., 1996. Organizational Learning II: Theory, Method and Practice, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley
Armstrong, J. S., 1982. The value of formal planning for strategic decisions: review of empirical research, Strategic Management Journal, 3: 197–211CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartel, A. P., 1994. Productivity gains from the implementation of employee training programs, Industrial Relations, 33: 411–425Google Scholar
Bartunek, J., 1983. How organization development can develop organizational theory, Group & Organization Studies, 8: 303–314CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beckhard, R. and Harris, R. T., 1987. Organizational Transitions: Managing Complex Change, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley
Beekun, R. I., 1989. Assessing the effectiveness of sociotechnical interventions: antidote or fad?, Human Relations, 42: 877–897CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, A., 1988. When management professors gather, relevance sometimes rears its ugly head, Wall Street Journal, August 15
Bettis, R. A., 1991. Strategic management and the straightjacket: an editorial essay, Organization Science, 2: 315–319CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bower, J. L., 1982. Business policy in the 1980s, Academy of Management Review, 74: 630–638CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brynjolfsson, E. and Hitt, L., 1996. Paradox lost? Firm-level evidence on the returns to information systems spending, Management Science, 42: 541–558CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchanan, D. and Boddy, D., 1992. The Expertise of the Change Agent, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
Buller, P. F., 1988. For successful strategic change: blend OD practices with strategic management, Organizational Dynamics, Winter: 42–55CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burke, W. W., 1994. A Process of Learning and Change (2nd edn.), Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley
Business Week, 1990. Is research in the ivory tower “fuzzy, irrelevant, pretentious”?, October 29: 62–66
Campion, M. A., Medsker, G. J. and Higgs, A. C., 1993. Relations between work group characteristics and effectiveness: implications for designing effective work groups, Personnel Psychology, 46: 823–850CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cobb, A., 1986. Political diagnosis: applications in organization development, Academy of Management Review, 11: 482–496CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cobb, A. and Margulies, N., 1981. Organization development: a political perspective, Academy of Management Review, 6: 49–59CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coch, L. and French, R., 1948. Overcoming resistance to change, Human Relations, 2: 512–532CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cockerill, T., Hunt, J. and Schroder, H., 1995. Managerial competencies: fact or fiction?, Business Strategy Review, 6(3): 1–12CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, S. G., Ledford, G. E. Jr. and Spreitzer, G. M., 1996. A predictive model of self-managing work team effectiveness, Human Relations, 49: 643–676CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cummings, T. G. and Worley, C. G., 1993. Organization Development and Change (5th edn.), New York: West
Devanna, M. A., Fombrum, C. and Tichy, N., 1981. Human resources management: a strategic perspective, Organizational Dynamics, Winter: 51–67CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunphy, D. C., and Stace, D. A., 1988. Transformational and coercive studies for planned organizational change: beyond the O.D. model, Organization Studies, 9: 317–334CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunphy, D. C., and Stace, D. A., 1993. The strategic management of corporate change, Human Relations, 46: 905–920CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, W., 1969. Organization development: objectives, assumptions and strategies, California Management Review, 12: 23–24CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, W. L. and Bell, C. H., 1985. Organization Development: Behavioral Science Interventions for Organization Improvement, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
Garratt, B., 1996. Helicopters and rotting fish: developing strategic thinking and new roles for direction-givers, in B. Garratt (ed.), Developing Strategic Thought, London: McGraw-Hill: 242–256
Ghoshal, S. and Nohria, N., 1993. Horses for courses: organizational forms for multinational corporations, Sloan Management Review, Winter: 23–35Google Scholar
Gopinath, C. and Hoffman, R. C., 1995. The relevance of strategy research: practitioner and academic viewpoints, Journal of Management Studies, 32: 575–594CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, G. G. and DiTomaso, N., 1992. Predicting corporate performance from organizational culture, Journal of Management Studies, 29: 783–798CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guzzo, R. A., Jette, R. D. and Katzell, R. A., 1985. The effects of psychologically based intervention programs on worker productivity: a meta-analysis, Personnel Psychology, 38: 275–291CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, G., Rosenthal, J. and Wade, J., 1993. How to make reengineering really work, Harvard Business Review, November–December: 119–131Google Scholar
Hall, J. L., Posner, B. Z. and Harder, J. W., 1989. Performance appraisal systems: matching practice with theory, Group and Organization Studies, 14: 51–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, G. S. and Wernerfelt, B., 1989. Determinants of firm performance: the relative importance of economic and organizational factors, Strategic Management Journal, 10: 399–411CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heneman, R. L., Greenberger, D. B. and Strasser, S., 1988. The relationship between pay-for-performance perceptions and pay satisfaction, Personnel Psychology, 41: 745–759CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heracleous, L. and DeVoge, S., 1998. Bridging the gap of relevance: strategic management and organizational development, Long Range Planning, 31: 732–744CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heracleous, L. and Langham, B., 1996. Strategic change and organizational culture at Hay Management Consultants, Long Range Planning, 29: 485–494CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hickson, D. J., Hinings, C. R., Lee, C. A. and Pennings, J. M., 1973. A strategic contingencies' theory of intra organizational power, in G. Salaman and K. Thompson (eds.), People and Organizations, Milton Keynes: Open University Press: 174–189
Huff, A. S., 1990. Mapping Strategic Thought, Chichester: Wiley
Huselid, M. A., 1995. The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity, and corporate financial performance, Academy of Management Journal, 38: 635–672Google Scholar
Johnson, G., 1987. Strategic Change and the Management Process, Oxford: Blackwell
Johnson, G. and Scholes, K., 1993. Exploring Corporate Strategy: Text and Cases (3rd edn.), Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
Kinicki, A. J., Carson, K. P. and Bohlander, G. W., 1992. Relationships between an organization's actual human resource efforts and employee attitudes, Group and Organization Management, 17: 135–152CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klein, A. S., Masi, R. J. and Weidner, C. K. II, 1995. Organization culture, distribution and amount of control and perceptions of quality: an empirical study of linkages, Group and Organization Management, 20: 122–148CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koch, M. J. and McGrath, R. G., 1996. Improving labour productivity: human resource management policies do matter, Strategic Management Journal, 17: 335–3543.0.CO;2-R>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewin, K., 1947. Frontiers in group dynamics II. Channels of group life: social planning and action research, Human Relations, 1: 143–153CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luthans, F., Kemmerer, B., Paul, R. and Taylor, L., 1987. The impact of a job redesign intervention on salespersons' observed performance behaviors: a field experiment, Group and Organization Studies, 12: 55–72CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyles, M. A., 1990. A research agenda for strategic management in the 1990s, Journal of Management Studies, 27: 363–375CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McEvoy, G. M. and Cascio, W. F., 1985. Strategies for reducing employee turnover: a meta-analysis, Journal of Applied Psychology, 70: 342–353CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, C. C. and Cardinal, L. B., 1994. Strategic planning and firm performance: a synthesis of more than two decades of research, Academy of Management Journal, 37: 1649–1665Google Scholar
Mintzberg, H., 1985. The organization as political arena, Journal of Management Studies, 22: 133–154CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neuman, G. A., Edwards, J. E. and Raju, N. S., 1989. Organizational development interventions: a meta-analysis of their effects on satisfaction and other attitudes, Personnel Psychology, 42: 461–489CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niehoff, N. P., Enz, C. A. and Grover, R. A., 1990. The impact of top-management actions on employee attitudes and perceptions, Group and Organization Studies, 15: 337–352CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nutt, P. C., 1989. Selecting tactics to implement strategic plans, Strategic Management Journal, 10: 145–161CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Reilly, C. A., Chatman, J. and Caldwell, D. F., 1991. People and organizational culture: a profile comparison approach to assessing person–organization fit, Academy of Management Journal, 34: 487–516Google Scholar
Ostroff, C., 1993. Relationships between person–environmental congruence and organizational effectiveness, Group and Organization Management, 18: 103–122CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearce, J. A. II, Robbins, K. D. and Robinson, R. B. Jr., 1987. The impact of grand strategy and planning formality on financial performance, Strategic Management Journal, 8: 125–134CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettigrew, A. M., 1985. The Awakening Giant: Continuity and Change in ICI, Oxford: Blackwell
Rapoport, R. N., 1970. Three dilemmas in action research, Human Relations, 23: 499–513CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rhyne, L. C., 1986. The relationship of strategic planning to financial performance, Strategic Management Journal, 7: 423–436CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, J. S., Terborg, J. R. and Powers, M. L., 1985. Organizational performance and organizational level training and support, Personnel Psychology, 38: 849–863CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sashkin, M., 1981. Appraising appraisal: ten lessons from research for practice, Organizational Dynamics, Winter: 37–50CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schein, E., 1987. Process Consultation II, Lessons for Managers and Consultants, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley
Schein, E., 1988. Process Consultation: Its Role in Organization Development, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley
Schein, E., 1990. Back to the future: recapturing the OD vision, in F. Massarik (ed.), Advances in Organization Development, 1, Norwood, NJ: Ablex: 13–26
Schuler, R. S., 1992. Strategic human resources management: linking the people with the strategic needs of the business, Organizational Dynamics, Summer: 18–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seth, A. and Zinkhan, G., 1991. Strategy and the research process: a comment, Strategic Management Journal, 12: 75–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shepard, E. M., 1994. Profit sharing and productivity: further evidence from the chemicals industry, Industrial Relations, 33: 452–466Google Scholar
Stonich, P. J., 1981. Using rewards in implementing strategy, Strategic Management Journal, 2: 345–352CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stonich, P. J., 1984. The performance measurement and reward system: critical to strategic management, Organizational Dynamics, Winter: 45–57CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Susman, G. and Evered, R., 1978. An assessment of the scientific merits of action research, Administrative Science Quarterly, 23: 582–603CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terpstra, D. E. and Rozzell, E. J., 1993. The relationship of staffing practices to organizational level measures of performances, Personnel Psychology, 46: 27–48CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, K. W. and Tymon, W. G., 1982. Necessary properties of relevant research: lessons from recent criticisms of the organizational sciences, Academy of Management Review, 7: 345–352CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weisbord, M. R., 1976. Organizational diagnosis: six places to look for trouble with or without a theory, Group & Organization Studies, 1: 430–477CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, C. R. and Livingstone, L. P., 1994. Another look at the relationship between performance and voluntary turnover, Academy of Management Journal, 37: 269–298Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×