This chapter outlines a new concept for risk amplification: the risk story model. The starting-point is the well-known conflict situation of risk evaluation as seen by experts and laypersons. To address this conflict, a typology of risk issues can be developed, based on the different risk communication challenges. Laypersons may perceive each type of risk issue as a different risk story. In the second part of the chapter, the relationship between risk stories and social risk amplification is explored. Examples of radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) issues are used to illustrate the approach to understanding risk perception and communication. Furthermore, empirical data are provided that support the basic assumption of a risk story model. Finally, the consequences for EMF issues and risk communication in general are discussed.

Experts and laypersons: two views on risks

Experts

Experts and laypersons perceive risks differently. Experts see risks as possible chains of cause-and-effect. They regard risks as indicators of hazard potentials. Risk assessment involves answering four questions: Is there a potential hazard and what is its nature? What dose will induce a harmful effect? Who is exposed to what dosage? How significant is the risk?

Figure 12.1 shows the challenges associated with assessing risks, and what – in the view of the experts – the assessment ought to take into account. For the experts, the crucial point is whether and with what degree of confidence the risk can be assessed.