Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-cnmwb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T11:51:34.432Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

15 - Plecoptera, Psocoptera

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2009

Get access

Summary

PLECOPTERA

Introduction

Adult stoneflies are soft-bodied, 2–5 cm long, with a brown and gray body. They usually have two pairs of wings; they fly readily, but not well. Antennae are long, and the cerci are well developed. Mouthparts are the chewing type, but they are weak. Nymphs resemble the adults, except for the lack of wings; they have external filamentous gills on the thorax and legs. Most species live in cool, running streams, or in cold mountain lakes. Plecopterans are an important component in aquatic food chains, especially for fish. Adult stoneflies are imitated in the design of fishing fly used by anglers. These insects are physiologically fragile and intolerant of water conditions of low oxygen or pollution, and they are useful indicators of these and other stream conditions. Pest status of stoneflies is linked to their appearance in large numbers in areas adjacent to breeding sites, and sometimes a long distance from water. These incidents are usually associated with one or two species. Adults of Perla and Pteronarcys are attracted to lights at night.

Mating in stoneflies involves males attracting females by rubbing, tapping, or drumming a species-specific signal on an available substrate. Females respond to the male's vibrational signals with acoustic signals of their own. Male stonefly mating calls vary from a series of single beats to complex patterns of beats and intervals. These sounds are produced by a hammer-like structure on the underside of the abdomen.

Type
Chapter
Information
Urban Insects and Arachnids
A Handbook of Urban Entomology
, pp. 365 - 373
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alba-Tercedor, J. and A. Sanchez-Ortega. Overview and Strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Gainesville, FL: Sandhill Crane Press, 1991
Bauman, R. W., Gaufin, A. R., and Surdick, R. F.. The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Rocky Mountains. Mem. Am. Entomol. Soc., 31 (1977), 208Google Scholar
Brinck, P.Studies on Swedish stoneflies. Opusc. Entomol. (Suppl. 11) (1949), 1–250Google Scholar
Bueno-Soria, J. and S. Santiago Fragoso. Trichoptera. In Hurlbert, S. H. and A. Villalobos Figueroa (eds.) Aquatic Biota of Mexico, Central America and the West Indies. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University, 1982
Campbell, I. C. (ed.) Mayflies and Stoneflies: Life Histories and Biology. Series entomologica 44. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1990CrossRef
Frison, T. H.The stoneflies, or Plecoptera, of Illinois. Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull., 20 (1935), 281–471Google Scholar
Gaufin, A. R., Nebeker, A. V., and Sessions, J.. The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Utah. Univ. Utah Biol. Ser., 14 (1966), 9–89Google Scholar
Hitchcock, S. W.Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Part VII. The Plecoptera or stoneflies of Connecticut. Conn. State Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull., 107 (1974), 1–262Google Scholar
Hynes, H. B. N.A Key to the Adults and Nymphs of British Stoneflies (Plecoptera) 2nd edn. F. W. Biol. Assoc. Sci. Publ., 17 (1967), 1–86Google Scholar
Hynes, H. B. N.Biology of the Plecoptera. Annu. Rev. Entomol., 21 (1976), 135–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Illies, J.Phylogeny and zoogeography of the Plecoptera. Annu. Rev. Entomol., 10 (1965), 117–40CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katalog der Rezenten Plecoptera. Das Tierreich, 82. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1966
Jewett, S. G. Jr.The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Pacific Northwest. Ore. State Monogr., 3 (1959), 95Google Scholar
Landholt, P. and M. Sartor (eds.). Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera: Biology, Ecology, Systematics. Fribourg: MTL Mauron, Tingley and Lachat., 1997
Macan, T. T. The Study of Stoneflies, Mayflies and Caddisflies. London: Amateur Entomologist's Society, 1982
Stark, B. P. and Gaufin, A. R.. The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Florida. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc., 104 (1979), 391–433Google Scholar
Stewart, K. W.Vibrational communication in insects: epitome in the language of stoneflies. Am. Entomol., 43 (1997), 81–91CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Surdick, R. F. and Kim, K. C.. Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Pennsylvania, a synopsis. Bull. Penn. State Univ. Coll. Agr., 808 (1976), 1–73Google Scholar
Zwick, P. Plecoptera (Sternfligen). In Beier, M. (ed.) Handbuch der Zoologie, vol. IV. Insecta 26, pp. 1–115. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1980
Smithers, C. N. and Lienhard, C.. A revised bibliography of the Psocoptera (Arthropoda: Insecta). Tech. Rep. Aust. Mu., 6 (1992), 1–86CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Back, E. A.Psocids in dwellings. J. Econ. Entomol., 32 (1939), 419–23CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badonnel, A. Order des Psocoptères. In Grass, P. P. (ed.) Trait de Zoologie, vol. 10, fasc, 2, pp. 1310–40. Paris: Masson, 1951
Baz, A. and Monserrat, V. J.. Distribution of domestic Psocoptera in Madrid apartments. Med. Vet. Entomol., 13 (1999), 259–64CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broadhead, E.The life-history of Embidopsocus enderleini (Ribaga) (Corrodentia, Liposcelidae). Entomol. Mon. Mag., 83 (1947), 200–3Google Scholar
Broadhead, E.A new parthenogenetic psocid from stored products, with observations on parthenogenesis in other psocids. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 90 (1954), 10–16Google Scholar
Broadhead, E.The infestation of warehouses and ships' holds by psocids in Britain. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 90 (1954), 103–5Google Scholar
Broadhead, E. and Hobby, B. M.. Studies on a species of Liposcelis (Correnditia, Liposcelidae) occurring in stored products in Britain. Part I. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 80 (1944), 45–59Google Scholar
Candura, G. S.Contributo alla conoscenza biologica del Troctes divinatorius (Müller). Boll. Zool., 3 (1932), 177–84CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finlayson, L. R.Some notes on the biology and life history of psocids. Entomol. Soc. Ontario Annu. Rpt., 63 (1932), 56–8Google Scholar
Finlayson, L. R.The life history and anatomy of Lepinotus patruelis (Psocoptera: Atropidae). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 119 (1949), 301–23CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghani, M. A. and Sweetman, H. L.. Ecological studies of the booklouse, Liposcelis divinatorius (Mull.). Ecology, 32 (1951), 230–44CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Günter, K. K.Stäublause, Psocoptera. Tierwelt. Dtsh., 61 (1974), 1–314Google Scholar
Hawkins, J.Corrodentia pests of ground feed. J. Econ. Entomol., 32 (1939), 467Google Scholar
Knülle, W. and Spadafora, R. R.. Water vapor sorption and humidity relationships in Liposcelis (Insecta: Psocoptera). J. Stored Prod. Res., 5 (1969), 49–55CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kučerová, Z.Faunistic records from Czechoslovakia. Psocoptera (Psylliposcidae): Dorypteryx domestica. Acta Entomol. Bohemoslov., 89 (1992), 315Google Scholar
Lienhard, C.Revision of the Western Palaearctic species of Liposcelis Motchulsky (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae). Zool. Jb. (Syst.), 117 (1990), 117–74Google Scholar
Linsey, E. G.Insect food caches as reservoirs and original sources of some food products pests. J. Econ. Entomol., 35 (1942), 434–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lovitt, A. E. and Sonderstrom, E. L.. Predation of Indian meal moth eggs by Liposcelis bostrychophilus. J. Econ. Entomol., 61 (1968), 1444–5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mockford, E. L.Notes on some eastern North American psocids with descriptions of two new species. Am. Midl. Nat., 53 (1955), 436–41CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mockford, E. L.Life history studies on some Florida insects of the genus Archiposocus (Psocoptera). Bull. Fl. State Mus. Biol. Sci., 1 (1957), 235–74Google Scholar
Mockford, E. L.Parthenogenesis in psocids (Insects: Psocoptera). Am. Zool., 11 (1971), 327–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar
New, T. R.An introduction to the natural history of the British Psocoptera. Entomologist, 104 (1971), 59–97CrossRefGoogle Scholar
New, T. R. Psocoptera. In Royal Entomological Society of London Handbook: Identification of British Insects, vol. 1, pp. 1–102. London: Dramrite Printers, 1974
Obr, S.Psocoptera of food processing plants and storages, dwellings and collections of natural objects in Czechoslovakia. Acta Entomol. Boehm., 75 (1978), 226–42Google Scholar
Pearman, J. V.On sound production in the Psocoptera and on a presumed stridulatory organ. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 64 (1928), 179–86Google Scholar
Pearman, J. V.Biological observations on British Psocoptera. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 64 (1928), 209–18, 239–43, 263–8Google Scholar
Pearman, J. V.More Psocoptera from warehouses. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 67 (1931), 95–8Google Scholar
Pearman, J. V.Third note on Psocoptera from warehouses. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 78 (1942), 289–92Google Scholar
Scott, H. G., Wiseman, J. S., and Stojanovich, C. J.. Collembola infesting man. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 55 (1962), 428–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smithers, C. N.Keys to the families and genera of Psocoptera. Tech. Rep. Aust. Mus., 2 (1990), 1–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Söfner, L.Zur Entwicklungsbiologie und Oekologie der einheimischen Psocopterenarten Ectopsocus meridionalis (Ribaga, 1904) und Ectopsocus briggsi McLach. 1899. Zool. Jb. Syst., 74 (1941), 325–60Google Scholar
Spieksma, F. Th. M. and Smits, C.. Some ecological and biological aspects of the booklouse Liposcelis bostrychophilus Badonnel, 1931 (Psocoptera). Netherlands J. Zool., 25 (1975), 219–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, B. D. and N. Ali. Population variability in a domestic stored product pest, the parthenogenic psocid Liposcelis bostrychophila; implications for controls. In Wildey, K. W. and W. Robinson (eds.) Proceedings of the International Conference on Insect Pests in the Urban Environment, pp. 309–17. Cambridge, UK: St John's College, Cambridge University, 1993
Turner, B. D. and Maude-Roxby, H.. The prevalence of the booklouse Liposcelis bostrychophilus Badonnel (Liposcelidae, Psocoptera) in British domestic kitchens. Int. Pest Control, 31 (1989), 93–7Google Scholar
Weber, H.Die Lebengeschichte von Ectopsocus parvalus (Kolbe). Z. Wiss. Zool., 138 (1931), 457–86Google Scholar
Welch, R. C.Badonnelia titei Peraman (Psocoptera, Sphaeropsocidae) from a second Huntingdonshire locality. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 119 (1983), 236Google Scholar
Wyniger, R.Liposcelis pubescens. Die Rolle der Staulabläuse in der Vorratshaltung. Swiss Food, 7 (1985), 11–16Google Scholar
Badonnel, A.Psocoptères nouveaux d'Afrique et d'Arabie. Rev. Fr. Entomol., 2 (1935), 76–82Google Scholar
Badonnel, A.Contribution à l'étude des Psocoptères de l'Atlantide. Rev. Fr. Entomol., 11 (1944), 47–60Google Scholar
Badonnel, A.Contribution à l'étude des Psocoptères du Maroc. Voyage de L. Berland et M. Vachon. Rev. Fr. Entomol., 12 (1945), 31–50Google Scholar
Chapman, P. J.Corrodentia of the United States of America. I. Suborder Isotecnomera. J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc., 39 (1930), 54–65Google Scholar
Hickman, V. V.A contribution to the study of Tasmanian Copeognatha. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm., 1933 (1934), 77–89Google Scholar
Lienhard, C.Revision of the Western Palaearctic species of Liposcelis Motchulsky (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae). Zool. Jb. (Syst.), 117 (1990), 117–74Google Scholar
Mockford, E. L. North American Psocoptera. Fauna and Flora Handbook No. 10. Gainesville, FL: Sandhill Crane Press, 1993
Mockford, E. L. and Gurney, A. B.. A review of the psocids, or book-lice and bark-lice, of Texas (Psocoptera). J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 46 (1956), 353–68Google Scholar
Roesler, R.Beitrage zur kenntnis der Copeognathenfauna Deutschlands. Zool. Anz., 125 (1939), 157–76Google Scholar
Alba-Tercedor, J. and A. Sanchez-Ortega. Overview and Strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Gainesville, FL: Sandhill Crane Press, 1991
Bauman, R. W., Gaufin, A. R., and Surdick, R. F.. The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Rocky Mountains. Mem. Am. Entomol. Soc., 31 (1977), 208Google Scholar
Brinck, P.Studies on Swedish stoneflies. Opusc. Entomol. (Suppl. 11) (1949), 1–250Google Scholar
Bueno-Soria, J. and S. Santiago Fragoso. Trichoptera. In Hurlbert, S. H. and A. Villalobos Figueroa (eds.) Aquatic Biota of Mexico, Central America and the West Indies. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University, 1982
Campbell, I. C. (ed.) Mayflies and Stoneflies: Life Histories and Biology. Series entomologica 44. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1990CrossRef
Frison, T. H.The stoneflies, or Plecoptera, of Illinois. Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull., 20 (1935), 281–471Google Scholar
Gaufin, A. R., Nebeker, A. V., and Sessions, J.. The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Utah. Univ. Utah Biol. Ser., 14 (1966), 9–89Google Scholar
Hitchcock, S. W.Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Part VII. The Plecoptera or stoneflies of Connecticut. Conn. State Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull., 107 (1974), 1–262Google Scholar
Hynes, H. B. N.A Key to the Adults and Nymphs of British Stoneflies (Plecoptera) 2nd edn. F. W. Biol. Assoc. Sci. Publ., 17 (1967), 1–86Google Scholar
Hynes, H. B. N.Biology of the Plecoptera. Annu. Rev. Entomol., 21 (1976), 135–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Illies, J.Phylogeny and zoogeography of the Plecoptera. Annu. Rev. Entomol., 10 (1965), 117–40CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katalog der Rezenten Plecoptera. Das Tierreich, 82. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1966
Jewett, S. G. Jr.The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Pacific Northwest. Ore. State Monogr., 3 (1959), 95Google Scholar
Landholt, P. and M. Sartor (eds.). Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera: Biology, Ecology, Systematics. Fribourg: MTL Mauron, Tingley and Lachat., 1997
Macan, T. T. The Study of Stoneflies, Mayflies and Caddisflies. London: Amateur Entomologist's Society, 1982
Stark, B. P. and Gaufin, A. R.. The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Florida. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc., 104 (1979), 391–433Google Scholar
Stewart, K. W.Vibrational communication in insects: epitome in the language of stoneflies. Am. Entomol., 43 (1997), 81–91CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Surdick, R. F. and Kim, K. C.. Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Pennsylvania, a synopsis. Bull. Penn. State Univ. Coll. Agr., 808 (1976), 1–73Google Scholar
Zwick, P. Plecoptera (Sternfligen). In Beier, M. (ed.) Handbuch der Zoologie, vol. IV. Insecta 26, pp. 1–115. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1980
Smithers, C. N. and Lienhard, C.. A revised bibliography of the Psocoptera (Arthropoda: Insecta). Tech. Rep. Aust. Mu., 6 (1992), 1–86CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Back, E. A.Psocids in dwellings. J. Econ. Entomol., 32 (1939), 419–23CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badonnel, A. Order des Psocoptères. In Grass, P. P. (ed.) Trait de Zoologie, vol. 10, fasc, 2, pp. 1310–40. Paris: Masson, 1951
Baz, A. and Monserrat, V. J.. Distribution of domestic Psocoptera in Madrid apartments. Med. Vet. Entomol., 13 (1999), 259–64CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broadhead, E.The life-history of Embidopsocus enderleini (Ribaga) (Corrodentia, Liposcelidae). Entomol. Mon. Mag., 83 (1947), 200–3Google Scholar
Broadhead, E.A new parthenogenetic psocid from stored products, with observations on parthenogenesis in other psocids. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 90 (1954), 10–16Google Scholar
Broadhead, E.The infestation of warehouses and ships' holds by psocids in Britain. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 90 (1954), 103–5Google Scholar
Broadhead, E. and Hobby, B. M.. Studies on a species of Liposcelis (Correnditia, Liposcelidae) occurring in stored products in Britain. Part I. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 80 (1944), 45–59Google Scholar
Candura, G. S.Contributo alla conoscenza biologica del Troctes divinatorius (Müller). Boll. Zool., 3 (1932), 177–84CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finlayson, L. R.Some notes on the biology and life history of psocids. Entomol. Soc. Ontario Annu. Rpt., 63 (1932), 56–8Google Scholar
Finlayson, L. R.The life history and anatomy of Lepinotus patruelis (Psocoptera: Atropidae). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 119 (1949), 301–23CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghani, M. A. and Sweetman, H. L.. Ecological studies of the booklouse, Liposcelis divinatorius (Mull.). Ecology, 32 (1951), 230–44CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Günter, K. K.Stäublause, Psocoptera. Tierwelt. Dtsh., 61 (1974), 1–314Google Scholar
Hawkins, J.Corrodentia pests of ground feed. J. Econ. Entomol., 32 (1939), 467Google Scholar
Knülle, W. and Spadafora, R. R.. Water vapor sorption and humidity relationships in Liposcelis (Insecta: Psocoptera). J. Stored Prod. Res., 5 (1969), 49–55CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kučerová, Z.Faunistic records from Czechoslovakia. Psocoptera (Psylliposcidae): Dorypteryx domestica. Acta Entomol. Bohemoslov., 89 (1992), 315Google Scholar
Lienhard, C.Revision of the Western Palaearctic species of Liposcelis Motchulsky (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae). Zool. Jb. (Syst.), 117 (1990), 117–74Google Scholar
Linsey, E. G.Insect food caches as reservoirs and original sources of some food products pests. J. Econ. Entomol., 35 (1942), 434–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lovitt, A. E. and Sonderstrom, E. L.. Predation of Indian meal moth eggs by Liposcelis bostrychophilus. J. Econ. Entomol., 61 (1968), 1444–5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mockford, E. L.Notes on some eastern North American psocids with descriptions of two new species. Am. Midl. Nat., 53 (1955), 436–41CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mockford, E. L.Life history studies on some Florida insects of the genus Archiposocus (Psocoptera). Bull. Fl. State Mus. Biol. Sci., 1 (1957), 235–74Google Scholar
Mockford, E. L.Parthenogenesis in psocids (Insects: Psocoptera). Am. Zool., 11 (1971), 327–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar
New, T. R.An introduction to the natural history of the British Psocoptera. Entomologist, 104 (1971), 59–97CrossRefGoogle Scholar
New, T. R. Psocoptera. In Royal Entomological Society of London Handbook: Identification of British Insects, vol. 1, pp. 1–102. London: Dramrite Printers, 1974
Obr, S.Psocoptera of food processing plants and storages, dwellings and collections of natural objects in Czechoslovakia. Acta Entomol. Boehm., 75 (1978), 226–42Google Scholar
Pearman, J. V.On sound production in the Psocoptera and on a presumed stridulatory organ. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 64 (1928), 179–86Google Scholar
Pearman, J. V.Biological observations on British Psocoptera. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 64 (1928), 209–18, 239–43, 263–8Google Scholar
Pearman, J. V.More Psocoptera from warehouses. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 67 (1931), 95–8Google Scholar
Pearman, J. V.Third note on Psocoptera from warehouses. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 78 (1942), 289–92Google Scholar
Scott, H. G., Wiseman, J. S., and Stojanovich, C. J.. Collembola infesting man. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 55 (1962), 428–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smithers, C. N.Keys to the families and genera of Psocoptera. Tech. Rep. Aust. Mus., 2 (1990), 1–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Söfner, L.Zur Entwicklungsbiologie und Oekologie der einheimischen Psocopterenarten Ectopsocus meridionalis (Ribaga, 1904) und Ectopsocus briggsi McLach. 1899. Zool. Jb. Syst., 74 (1941), 325–60Google Scholar
Spieksma, F. Th. M. and Smits, C.. Some ecological and biological aspects of the booklouse Liposcelis bostrychophilus Badonnel, 1931 (Psocoptera). Netherlands J. Zool., 25 (1975), 219–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, B. D. and N. Ali. Population variability in a domestic stored product pest, the parthenogenic psocid Liposcelis bostrychophila; implications for controls. In Wildey, K. W. and W. Robinson (eds.) Proceedings of the International Conference on Insect Pests in the Urban Environment, pp. 309–17. Cambridge, UK: St John's College, Cambridge University, 1993
Turner, B. D. and Maude-Roxby, H.. The prevalence of the booklouse Liposcelis bostrychophilus Badonnel (Liposcelidae, Psocoptera) in British domestic kitchens. Int. Pest Control, 31 (1989), 93–7Google Scholar
Weber, H.Die Lebengeschichte von Ectopsocus parvalus (Kolbe). Z. Wiss. Zool., 138 (1931), 457–86Google Scholar
Welch, R. C.Badonnelia titei Peraman (Psocoptera, Sphaeropsocidae) from a second Huntingdonshire locality. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 119 (1983), 236Google Scholar
Wyniger, R.Liposcelis pubescens. Die Rolle der Staulabläuse in der Vorratshaltung. Swiss Food, 7 (1985), 11–16Google Scholar
Badonnel, A.Psocoptères nouveaux d'Afrique et d'Arabie. Rev. Fr. Entomol., 2 (1935), 76–82Google Scholar
Badonnel, A.Contribution à l'étude des Psocoptères de l'Atlantide. Rev. Fr. Entomol., 11 (1944), 47–60Google Scholar
Badonnel, A.Contribution à l'étude des Psocoptères du Maroc. Voyage de L. Berland et M. Vachon. Rev. Fr. Entomol., 12 (1945), 31–50Google Scholar
Chapman, P. J.Corrodentia of the United States of America. I. Suborder Isotecnomera. J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc., 39 (1930), 54–65Google Scholar
Hickman, V. V.A contribution to the study of Tasmanian Copeognatha. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm., 1933 (1934), 77–89Google Scholar
Lienhard, C.Revision of the Western Palaearctic species of Liposcelis Motchulsky (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae). Zool. Jb. (Syst.), 117 (1990), 117–74Google Scholar
Mockford, E. L. North American Psocoptera. Fauna and Flora Handbook No. 10. Gainesville, FL: Sandhill Crane Press, 1993
Mockford, E. L. and Gurney, A. B.. A review of the psocids, or book-lice and bark-lice, of Texas (Psocoptera). J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 46 (1956), 353–68Google Scholar
Roesler, R.Beitrage zur kenntnis der Copeognathenfauna Deutschlands. Zool. Anz., 125 (1939), 157–76Google Scholar
Back, E. A.Psocids in dwellings. J. Econ. Entomol., 32 (1939), 419–23CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badonnel, A. Order des Psocoptères. In Grass, P. P. (ed.) Trait de Zoologie, vol. 10, fasc, 2, pp. 1310–40. Paris: Masson, 1951
Baz, A. and Monserrat, V. J.. Distribution of domestic Psocoptera in Madrid apartments. Med. Vet. Entomol., 13 (1999), 259–64CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broadhead, E.The life-history of Embidopsocus enderleini (Ribaga) (Corrodentia, Liposcelidae). Entomol. Mon. Mag., 83 (1947), 200–3Google Scholar
Broadhead, E.A new parthenogenetic psocid from stored products, with observations on parthenogenesis in other psocids. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 90 (1954), 10–16Google Scholar
Broadhead, E.The infestation of warehouses and ships' holds by psocids in Britain. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 90 (1954), 103–5Google Scholar
Broadhead, E. and Hobby, B. M.. Studies on a species of Liposcelis (Correnditia, Liposcelidae) occurring in stored products in Britain. Part I. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 80 (1944), 45–59Google Scholar
Candura, G. S.Contributo alla conoscenza biologica del Troctes divinatorius (Müller). Boll. Zool., 3 (1932), 177–84CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finlayson, L. R.Some notes on the biology and life history of psocids. Entomol. Soc. Ontario Annu. Rpt., 63 (1932), 56–8Google Scholar
Finlayson, L. R.The life history and anatomy of Lepinotus patruelis (Psocoptera: Atropidae). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 119 (1949), 301–23CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghani, M. A. and Sweetman, H. L.. Ecological studies of the booklouse, Liposcelis divinatorius (Mull.). Ecology, 32 (1951), 230–44CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Günter, K. K.Stäublause, Psocoptera. Tierwelt. Dtsh., 61 (1974), 1–314Google Scholar
Hawkins, J.Corrodentia pests of ground feed. J. Econ. Entomol., 32 (1939), 467Google Scholar
Knülle, W. and Spadafora, R. R.. Water vapor sorption and humidity relationships in Liposcelis (Insecta: Psocoptera). J. Stored Prod. Res., 5 (1969), 49–55CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kučerová, Z.Faunistic records from Czechoslovakia. Psocoptera (Psylliposcidae): Dorypteryx domestica. Acta Entomol. Bohemoslov., 89 (1992), 315Google Scholar
Lienhard, C.Revision of the Western Palaearctic species of Liposcelis Motchulsky (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae). Zool. Jb. (Syst.), 117 (1990), 117–74Google Scholar
Linsey, E. G.Insect food caches as reservoirs and original sources of some food products pests. J. Econ. Entomol., 35 (1942), 434–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lovitt, A. E. and Sonderstrom, E. L.. Predation of Indian meal moth eggs by Liposcelis bostrychophilus. J. Econ. Entomol., 61 (1968), 1444–5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mockford, E. L.Notes on some eastern North American psocids with descriptions of two new species. Am. Midl. Nat., 53 (1955), 436–41CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mockford, E. L.Life history studies on some Florida insects of the genus Archiposocus (Psocoptera). Bull. Fl. State Mus. Biol. Sci., 1 (1957), 235–74Google Scholar
Mockford, E. L.Parthenogenesis in psocids (Insects: Psocoptera). Am. Zool., 11 (1971), 327–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar
New, T. R.An introduction to the natural history of the British Psocoptera. Entomologist, 104 (1971), 59–97CrossRefGoogle Scholar
New, T. R. Psocoptera. In Royal Entomological Society of London Handbook: Identification of British Insects, vol. 1, pp. 1–102. London: Dramrite Printers, 1974
Obr, S.Psocoptera of food processing plants and storages, dwellings and collections of natural objects in Czechoslovakia. Acta Entomol. Boehm., 75 (1978), 226–42Google Scholar
Pearman, J. V.On sound production in the Psocoptera and on a presumed stridulatory organ. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 64 (1928), 179–86Google Scholar
Pearman, J. V.Biological observations on British Psocoptera. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 64 (1928), 209–18, 239–43, 263–8Google Scholar
Pearman, J. V.More Psocoptera from warehouses. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 67 (1931), 95–8Google Scholar
Pearman, J. V.Third note on Psocoptera from warehouses. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 78 (1942), 289–92Google Scholar
Scott, H. G., Wiseman, J. S., and Stojanovich, C. J.. Collembola infesting man. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 55 (1962), 428–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smithers, C. N.Keys to the families and genera of Psocoptera. Tech. Rep. Aust. Mus., 2 (1990), 1–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Söfner, L.Zur Entwicklungsbiologie und Oekologie der einheimischen Psocopterenarten Ectopsocus meridionalis (Ribaga, 1904) und Ectopsocus briggsi McLach. 1899. Zool. Jb. Syst., 74 (1941), 325–60Google Scholar
Spieksma, F. Th. M. and Smits, C.. Some ecological and biological aspects of the booklouse Liposcelis bostrychophilus Badonnel, 1931 (Psocoptera). Netherlands J. Zool., 25 (1975), 219–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, B. D. and N. Ali. Population variability in a domestic stored product pest, the parthenogenic psocid Liposcelis bostrychophila; implications for controls. In Wildey, K. W. and W. Robinson (eds.) Proceedings of the International Conference on Insect Pests in the Urban Environment, pp. 309–17. Cambridge, UK: St John's College, Cambridge University, 1993
Turner, B. D. and Maude-Roxby, H.. The prevalence of the booklouse Liposcelis bostrychophilus Badonnel (Liposcelidae, Psocoptera) in British domestic kitchens. Int. Pest Control, 31 (1989), 93–7Google Scholar
Weber, H.Die Lebengeschichte von Ectopsocus parvalus (Kolbe). Z. Wiss. Zool., 138 (1931), 457–86Google Scholar
Welch, R. C.Badonnelia titei Peraman (Psocoptera, Sphaeropsocidae) from a second Huntingdonshire locality. Entomol. Mon. Mag., 119 (1983), 236Google Scholar
Wyniger, R.Liposcelis pubescens. Die Rolle der Staulabläuse in der Vorratshaltung. Swiss Food, 7 (1985), 11–16Google Scholar
Badonnel, A.Psocoptères nouveaux d'Afrique et d'Arabie. Rev. Fr. Entomol., 2 (1935), 76–82Google Scholar
Badonnel, A.Contribution à l'étude des Psocoptères de l'Atlantide. Rev. Fr. Entomol., 11 (1944), 47–60Google Scholar
Badonnel, A.Contribution à l'étude des Psocoptères du Maroc. Voyage de L. Berland et M. Vachon. Rev. Fr. Entomol., 12 (1945), 31–50Google Scholar
Chapman, P. J.Corrodentia of the United States of America. I. Suborder Isotecnomera. J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc., 39 (1930), 54–65Google Scholar
Hickman, V. V.A contribution to the study of Tasmanian Copeognatha. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm., 1933 (1934), 77–89Google Scholar
Lienhard, C.Revision of the Western Palaearctic species of Liposcelis Motchulsky (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae). Zool. Jb. (Syst.), 117 (1990), 117–74Google Scholar
Mockford, E. L. North American Psocoptera. Fauna and Flora Handbook No. 10. Gainesville, FL: Sandhill Crane Press, 1993
Mockford, E. L. and Gurney, A. B.. A review of the psocids, or book-lice and bark-lice, of Texas (Psocoptera). J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 46 (1956), 353–68Google Scholar
Roesler, R.Beitrage zur kenntnis der Copeognathenfauna Deutschlands. Zool. Anz., 125 (1939), 157–76Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×