We have isolated, by the ‘undercutting’ technique, the anterior cingulate gyrus and the posterior orbital cortex in a series of fractional lobotomies performed on schizophrenic and neurotic patients. More recently, we have both stimulated and resected bilaterally various portions of the rhinencephalon in carrying out medial temporal lobectomies on schizophrenic patients and certain epileptic patients … orbital isolation has given a most gratifying improvement in depression, psychoneuroses, and tension states … Who knows but that in future years neurosurgeons may apply direct selective shock therapy to the hypothalamus, thereby relegating psychoanalysis to that scientific limbo where perhaps it belongs? And who knows if neurosurgeons may even carry out selective rhinencephalic ablations in order to raise the threshold for all convulsions, and thus dispense with pharmaceutical anticonvulsants?