Introduction

Hume's paradoxical query, posed in 1757 and often quoted in histories of eighteenth-century Scotland, expresses well the deep ambivalence of mid-eighteenth-century Scottish intellectuals towards their political condition, their language, and their literature. While Hume's own writings contributed in no small measure to Scotland's – and especially Edinburgh's – literary and philosophical reputation as “a hotbed of genius,” he was also closely involved in the production, publication, and promotion of a series of literary works that followed soon after he penned the above observations and that did indeed mark Scotland as the nation “most distinguish'd for Literature in Europe.” Between 1760 and 1763, James Macpherson offered to an increasingly receptive public three volumes of translations from the Gaelic poetry of Ossian, a third-century Celtic bard: Fragments of Ancient Poetry (1760), Fingal (1762), and Temora (1763); these three works were collected in two volumes in 1765, under the title The Works of Ossian, The Son of Fingal, Translated from the Galic Language by James Macpherson (1765).