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9 - Hard and Soft Power in the Thai Pavilion: The Spectral Presence of King Bhumibol at the 2015 Milan Exposition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2020

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Abstract

With the much-loved King Bhumibol Adulyadej (r.1946-2016) on his virtual deathbed while the 2015 Milan International Exposition was being planned and became operational, it is hardly surprising that the pavilion's content reflected the nation's anxieties more acutely than it engaged with the fair’s food-oriented theme. While the exterior of the national pavilion expressed an organic, earthy quality that departed for the usual iconic Thai temple architecture, the interior offered up a series of three discrete sites in which fairgoers were bombarded with visual stimuli that conflated the country's abundant natural resources with corporatized food production, ultimately wrapping it up in a paean to the King for his role in virtually single-handedly creating a more efficient agricultural sector.

Keywords: Thailand, soft power, King Bhumibol, food

The case of Thailand at the 2015 Milan Expo is fascinating not only for how it chose to represent itself, but for what it revealed about the nation’s domestic dramas and political anxieties at a moment when the country’s beloved, long-serving monarch, King Bhumibol Adulyadej (r. 1946-2016), was on his deathbed. Ever-present despite his physical absence, the King who had become a virtual quasi-divine figure over the course of his reign was both the means and the message for the audience as they moved through the pavilion's three dedicated halls. The overall exposition theme, ‘Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life,’ provided an opportunity for Thailand to present itself as ‘the Golden Land,’ one blessed by human and supernatural forces, placing it in a unique position to respond to food security issues with its corporatized food production and an agricultural sector under the stewardship of a wise king. As was the case with Korea, the fair's theme tapped into a pre-existing international campaign centred around food; yet unlike Korea's campaign, which in the years prior to the expo focused on increasing the number of Korean restaurants overseas, Thailand's campaign sought to further international markets for pre-packaged foods manufactured by the country's largest food corporations. Thus, corporate interests were aligned with those of the state in ways that reflect both the nexus of power, politics, and influence in Thailand in an age that has moved beyond capitalism into what Edward Luttwak identifies as ‘turbo-capitalism’ (Luttwak 1998).

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Publisher: Amsterdam University Press
Print publication year: 2020

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