Whether or not the environmental movements of India have their philosophical foundations in the ethics of Hinduism has been open to debate. Some scholars argue that although there are many philosophical ideas proposed in different scriptures of Hinduism, the environmental movements are not based on those philosophical and ethical ideals. They claim that environmental movements are basically concerned with issues related to the livelihood of the people who are directly affected and to how they are treated by others. Other scholars counter that there is a connection between Hindu ethics and sustainability and that Hindu ideals should be reinstated in the sustainability discourse. The focus of this chapter is to try, like Bilimoria (1998), ‘to identify patterns of ideas which may complement the history of environmental thinking’ (p. 1). By analyzing the pivotal views of experts in the field of religious environmentalism, I will show how the complexities of Hindu ethics have evolved over the centuries and how it is related to sustainability in the present context, particularly since the emergence of the interdisciplinary subfield of religious environmentalism in the 1990s. A variety of philosophical and ethical ideas of Hinduism are explored that may relate to sustainability.