Introduction

Initially, the scientific approach to management concerned activities related only to the implementation of production processes. This fragmentary approach to management was changed by Max Weber, who drew attention to the need for management in administration. From that moment on, researchers and management practitioners try to develop a methodology appropriate for various areas of human activity. The area that requires management is broadly understood culture. The management context of tangible and intangible cultural heritage, which concerns the preservation of its authenticity and integrity for future generations, is of particular importance. Taking into account the uniqueness of cultural heritage, which is a value for society in the local and global dimension, it seems appropriate to use the project approach. Preserving the objective historical and artistic value of cultural heritage requires non-routine management activities implemented in the form of a project. The attribute that connects the cultural heritage as well as the design is their uniqueness. The uniqueness of the cultural heritage is understood as unique cultural artifacts, while the uniqueness of the project means the implementation of unique, exceptional projects. Managing cultural heritage through projects requires the use of the methodological achievements of management and quality science in the area of project management, as well as the development of sectoral and proprietary methodologies, as well as standards of their management.

The aim of the article is to analyze the application of project management approaches and methods in the field of cultural heritage management.

Management as Science, Practice, and Art

The necessity of management results from the very essence of undertaking all human activities of a teleological nature over the centuries. However, the scientific approach to management, which is arbitrarily dated from 1903, i.e. from the moment of public presentation of research results by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the United States and Karol Adamiecki in Russia, allows for the formulation of concepts, methods and good management practices in relation to various research objects. Management and quality sciences are young sciences, characterized by high dynamics of development under the influence of exogenous and endogenous changes that affect all areas of human activity. Management can be considered as art, practice and science [Przybyła, 2003, p. 11]. These three senses of understanding management interpenetrate each other.