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“Beauty Changed to Ugly Whoredom”: Analyzing the Mermaid Figure in The Changeling

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2020

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Summary

IN Thomas Middleton and William Rowley's The Changeling, the duplicitous nature of Beatrice-Joanna has led some scholars to question whether her character arc is either a continual regression or a constant. Henry E. Jacobs notes, “rather than changing, Beatrice-Joanna may simply be exposing progressively more elements of her consistent personality.” He continues to address the concepts of character and perspective in a broader context, asserting that “the paradox of coextensive change and constancy is equally applicable to life as it is to art.” Indeed, Beatrice-Joanna's self-conscious mutability from chaste daughter of an upper-class family to conniving lover of her father's servant, De Flores, reveals a search for autonomy in an ordered and restrictive society. Moreover, this search for autonomy reflects the inconsistent categorizing of women in early modern Europe. Constance Jordan addresses how a woman’s socioeconomic and spatial restrictions in the “domestic and private” realm, apart from the “civic and public” realm, were “predicated on a woman's limited or defective humanity.” This subordinate classification according to sexual difference, as sixteenth-century Venetian writer Lodovico Dolce attests, was the very reason that the woman was primarily educated in “religion and moral virtue; her salvation … closely tied to her willingness to behave as a natural inferior.” Both the church and the law deemed that women were more susceptible to moral fallibility and therefore regulated their behavior and conduct to ensure that they were chaste, virtuous, and subservient to male authority. The perception of Beatrice-Joanna as morally corrupt, therefore, is as much of a social construct as her performance in the play. This binary depiction of the woman as both deviant of and compliant to social convention captures the essence of the siren, or mermaid, a popular figure in Renaissance culture. Tara E. Pederson posits that ”… those elusive and captivating hybrids, dominated the cultural imagination in early modern England in complex and multifaceted ways as they brought women and animal together,” and moreover, “the woman was frequently represented within and integral to sixteenth and seventeenth century English culture.” The Changeling does not provide any visual or textual description of a mermaid, but its subtext uniquely posits the mermaid as a metaphor for Beatrice-Joanna's transformation from guileless to conniving, from chaste to sensual.

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Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2019

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