Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ttngx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T21:43:00.948Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

6 - Other Secondary Headaches in the Emergency Department

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 October 2017

By
Michael J. Marmura  and
Benjamin W. Friedman
Edited by
Serena L. Orr ,
Benjamin W. Friedman  and
David W. Dodick
Serena L. Orr
Affiliation:
Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa
Benjamin W. Friedman
Affiliation:
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York
David W. Dodick
Affiliation:
Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
Get access

Summary

Abstract

A wide range of diseases can present to the ED with headache as the major or only symptom. Infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and malignancy can cause headache. Processes that raise or lower intracranial pressure can also result in headache. In this chapter, we discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of other secondary headaches including brain tumor headache, post-traumatic headache, high- and low-pressure headache, cervicogenic headache, trigeminal neuralgia, and headaches attributed to infection, Chiari malformation, arteritis, disorders of the eye, substances or withdrawal headache, and autonomic dysreflexia. In this chapter we also discuss primary (idiopathic) stabbing headache.

Type
Chapter
Information
Emergency Headache
Diagnosis and Management
 , pp. 50 - 64
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Boiardi, A, Salmaggi, A, Eoli, M, Lamperti, E, Silvani, A. Headache in brain tumours: a symptom to reappraise critically. Neurol Sci. 2004;25(Suppl. 3):S143–7.Google Scholar
2.Valentinis, L, Tuniz, F, Valent, F, et al. Headache attributed to intracranial tumours: a prospective cohort study. Cephalalgia. 2010;30(4):389–98.Google Scholar
3.Pfund, Z, Szapary, L, Jaszberenyi, O, Nagy, F, Czopf, J. Headache in intracranial tumors. Cephalalgia. 1999;19(9):787–90; discussion 765.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Schankin, CJ, Ferrari, U, Reinisch, VM, et al. Characteristics of brain tumour-associated headache. Cephalalgia. 2007;27(8):904–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Lanphear, J, Sarnaik, S. Presenting symptoms of pediatric brain tumors diagnosed in the emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2014;30(2):77–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Forsyth, PA, Posner, JB. Headaches in patients with brain tumors: a study of 111 patients. Neurology. 1993;43(9):1678–83.Google Scholar
7.Wilne, SH, Ferris, RC, Nathwani, A, Kennedy, CR. The presenting features of brain tumours: a review of 200 cases. Arch Dis Child. 2006;91(6):502–6.Google Scholar
8.Kernick, D, Stapley, S, Goadsby, PJ, Hamilton, W. What happens to new-onset headache presented to primary care? A case-cohort study using electronic primary care records. Cephalalgia. 2008;28(11):1188–95.Google Scholar
9.Yung, WK, Albright, RE, Olson, J, et al. A phase II study of temozolomide vs. procarbazine in patients with glioblastoma multiforme at first relapse. Br J Cancer. 2000;83(5):588–93.Google Scholar
10.Rogers, LR. Neurologic complications of radiation. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2012;18(2):343–54.Google Scholar
11.Ryzenman, JM, Pensak, ML, Tew, JM, Jr. Headache: a quality of life analysis in a cohort of 1,657 patients undergoing acoustic neuroma surgery, results from the Acoustic Neuroma Association. Laryngoscope. 2005;115(4):703–11.Google Scholar
12.Navi, BB, Reichman, JS, Berlin, D, et al. Intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients with cancer. Neurology. 2010;74(6):494–501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Barnholtz-Sloan, JS, Yu, C, Sloan, AE, et al. A nomogram for individualized estimation of survival among patients with brain metastasis. Neuro Oncol. 2012;14(7):910–18.Google Scholar
14.Nutt, SH, Patchell, RA. Intracranial hemorrhage associated with primary and secondary tumors. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1992;3(3):591–9.Google Scholar
15.Jayson, GC, Howell, A. Carcinomatous meningitis in solid tumours. Ann Oncol. 1996;7(8):773–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Johnston, JL. Parasellar syndromes. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2002;2(5):423–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Capobianco, DJ, Brazis, PW, Rubino, FA, Dalton, JN. Occipital condyle syndrome. Headache. 2002;42(2):142–6.Google Scholar
18.Levy, MJ, Matharu, MS, Meeran, K, Powell, M, Goadsby, PJ. The clinical characteristics of headache in patients with pituitary tumours. Brain. 2005;128(Pt 8):1921–30.Google Scholar
19.Edvardsson, B. Cluster headache associated with a clinically non-functioning pituitary adenoma: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2014;8:451.Google Scholar
20.Levy, A. Pituitary disease: presentation, diagnosis, and management. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(Suppl. 3):iii47–52.Google Scholar
21.Mohr, G, Hardy, J. Hemorrhage, necrosis, and apoplexy in pituitary adenomas. Surg Neurol. 1982;18(3):181–9.Google Scholar
22.Muthukumar, N, Rossette, D, Soundaram, M, Senthilbabu, S, Badrinarayanan, T. Blindness following pituitary apoplexy: timing of surgery and neuro-ophthalmic outcome. J Clin Neurosci. 2008;15(8):873–9.Google Scholar
23.Oh, K, Kim, JH, Choi, JW, Kang, JK, Kim, SH. Pituitary apoplexy mimicking meningitis. Brain Tumor Res Treat. 2013;1(2):111–15.Google Scholar
24.Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia. 2013;33(9):629–808.Google Scholar
25.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rates of TBI-related emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths — United States, 2001–2010. Available at: www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/data/rates.html.Google Scholar
26.Nampiaparampil, DE. Prevalence of chronic pain after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review. JAMA. 2008;300(6):711–19.Google Scholar
27.Sigurdardottir, S, Andelic, N, Roe, C, Jerstad, T, Schanke, AK. Post-concussion symptoms after traumatic brain injury at 3 and 12 months post-injury: a prospective study. Brain Inj. 2009;23(6):489–97.Google Scholar
28.Lucas, S, Hoffman, JM, Bell, KR, Dikmen, S. A prospective study of prevalence and characterization of headache following mild traumatic brain injury. Cephalalgia. 2014;34:93–102.Google Scholar
29.Lucas, S, Hoffman, JM, Bell, KR, Walker, W, Dikmen, S. Characterization of headache after traumatic brain injury. Cephalalgia. 2012;32(8):600–6.Google Scholar
30.De Benedittis, G, De Santis, A. Chronic post-traumatic headache: clinical, psychopathological features and outcome determinants. J Neurosurg Sci. 1983;27(3):177–86.Google Scholar
31.Lipton, ML, Gulko, E, Zimmerman, ME, et al. Diffusion-tensor imaging implicates prefrontal axonal injury in executive function impairment following very mild traumatic brain injury. Radiology. 2009;252(3):816–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32.Yuh, EL, Hawryluk, GWJ, Manley, G. Imaging concussion: a review. Neurosurgery. 2014;75:S50–63.Google Scholar
33.Aoki, Y, Inokuchi, R, Gunshin, M, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging studies of mild traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2012;83:870–6.Google Scholar
34.Huang, YL, Kuo, YS, Tseng, YC, et al. Susceptibility-weighted MRI in mild traumatic brain injury. Neurology. 2015;84:580–5.Google Scholar
35.Stiell, IG, Clement, CM, Rowe, BH, et al. Comparison of the Canadian CT Head Rule and the New Orleans Criteria in patients with minor head injury. JAMA. 2005;294(12):1511–18.Google Scholar
36.Miller, J, Lieberman, L, Nahab, B, et al. Delayed intracranial hemorrhage in the anticoagulated patient: a systematic review. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;79(2):310–13.Google Scholar
37.Haydel, MJ, Preston, CA, Mills, TJ, et al. Indications for computed tomography in patients with minor head injury. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(2):100–5.Google Scholar
38.Stiell, IG, Wells, GA, Vandemheen, K, et al. The Canadian CT Head Rule for patients with minor head injury. Lancet. 2001;357(9266):1391–6.Google Scholar
39.Smits, M, Dippel, DW, de Haan, GG, et al. External validation of the Canadian CT Head Rule and the New Orleans Criteria for CT scanning in patients with minor head injury. JAMA. 2005;294(12):1519–25.Google Scholar
40.Bazarian, JJ, Blyth, B, Mookerjee, S, He, H, McDermott, MP. Sex differences in outcome after mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2010;27(3):527–39.Google Scholar
41.Nakao, JH, Jafri, FN, Shah, K, Newman, DH. Jolt accentuation of headache and other clinical signs: poor predictors of meningitis in adults. Am J Emerg Med. 2014;32(1):24–8.Google Scholar
42.Thigpen, MC, Whitney, CG, Messonnier, NE, et al. Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998–2007. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(21):2016–25.Google Scholar
43.Attia, J, Hatala, R, Cook, DJ, Wong, JG. The rational clinical examination: does this adult patient have acute meningitis? JAMA. 1999;282(2):175–81.Google Scholar
44.Tamune, H, Takeya, H, Suzuki, W, et al. Absence of jolt accentuation of headache cannot accurately rule out meningitis in adults. Am J Emerg Med. 2013;31(11):1601–4.Google Scholar
45.Pachner, AR, Steiner, I. Lyme neuroborreliosis: infection, immunity, and inflammation. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6(6):544–52.Google Scholar
46.Edlow, JA, Panagos, PD, Godwin, SA, Thomas, TL, Decker, WW. Clinical policy: critical issues in the evaluation and management of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with acute headache. Ann Emerg Med. 2008;52(4):407–36.Google Scholar
47.Brouwer, MC, McIntyre, P, Prasad, K, van de Beek, D. Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;9:CD004405.Google Scholar
48.Durcan, FJ, Corbett, JJ, Wall, M. The incidence of pseudotumor cerebri: population studies in Iowa and Louisiana. Arch Neurol. 1988;45(8):875–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
49.Jones, JS, Nevai, J, Freeman, MP, McNinch, DE. Emergency department presentation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Am J Emerg Med. 1999;17(6):517–21.Google Scholar
50.Wall, M, George, D. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a prospective study of 50 patients. Brain. 1991;114(Pt 1A):155–80.Google ScholarPubMed
51.Wall, M, Kupersmith, MJ, Kieburtz, KD, et al. The idiopathic intracranial hypertension treatment trial: clinical profile at baseline. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(6):693–701.Google Scholar
52.Yri, HM, Jensen, RH. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Clinical nosography and field-testing of the ICHD diagnostic criteria. A case-control study. Cephalalgia. 2015;35(7):553–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
53.Hingwala, DR, Kesavadas, C, Thomas, B, Kapilamoorthy, TR, Sarma, S. Imaging signs in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: are these signs seen in secondary intracranial hypertension too? Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2013;16(2):229–33.Google Scholar
54.Committee NIIHSGW, Wall, M, McDermott, MP, et al. Effect of acetazolamide on visual function in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension and mild visual loss: the idiopathic intracranial hypertension treatment trial. JAMA. 2014;311(16):1641–51.Google Scholar
55.Yri, HM, Ronnback, C, Wegener, M, Hamann, S, Jensen, RH. The course of headache in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a 12-month prospective follow-up study. Eur J Neurol. 2014;21(12):1458–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
56.Bezov, D, Lipton, RB, Ashina, S. Post-dural puncture headache: part I diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, and pathophysiology. Headache. 2010;50(7):1144–52.Google Scholar
57.Schievink, WI, Maya, MM, Moser, F, Tourje, J, Torbati, S. Frequency of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in the emergency department. J Headache Pain. 2007;8(6):325–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
58.Schievink, WI. Spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks and intracranial hypotension. JAMA. 2006;295(19):2286–96.Google Scholar
59.Chung, SJ, Kim, JS, Lee, MC. Syndrome of cerebral spinal fluid hypovolemia: clinical and imaging features and outcome. Neurology. 2000;55(9):1321–7.Google Scholar
60.Russo, A, Tessitore, A, Cirillo, M, et al. A transient third cranial nerve palsy as presenting sign of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. J Headache Pain. 2011;12(4):493–6.Google Scholar
61.Basurto Ona, X, Osorio, D, Bonfill Cosp, X. Drug therapy for treating post-dural puncture headache. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;7:CD007887.Google Scholar
62.Mokri, B. Spontaneous CSF leaks: low CSF volume syndromes. Neurol Clin. 2014;32(2):397–422.Google Scholar
63.Brill, CB, Gutierrez, J, Mishkin, MM. Chiari I malformation: association with seizures and developmental disabilities. J Child Neurol. 1997;12(2):101–6.Google Scholar
64.Arnautovic, A, Splavski, B, Boop, FA, Arnautovic, KI. Pediatric and adult Chiari malformation Type I surgical series 1965–2013: a review of demographics, operative treatment, and outcomes. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015;15(2):161–77.Google Scholar
65.Loch-Wilkinson, T, Tsimiklis, C, Santoreneaos, S. Trigeminal neuralgia associated with Chiari 1 malformation: symptom resolution following craniocervical decompression and duroplasty: case report and review of the literature. Surg Neurol Int. 2015;6(Suppl. 11):S327–9.Google Scholar
66.Solomon, GD, Kunkel, RS, Jr, Frame, J. Demographics of headache in elderly patients. Headache. 1990;30(5):273–6.Google Scholar
67.Kermani, TA, Schmidt, J, Crowson, CS, et al. Utility of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2012;41(6):866–71.Google Scholar
68.Parikh, M, Miller, NR, Lee, AG, et al. Prevalence of a normal C-reactive protein with an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate in biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis. Ophthalmology. 2006;113(10):1842–5.Google Scholar
69.Nesher, G, Rubinow, A, Sonnenblick, M. Efficacy and adverse effects of different corticosteroid dose regimens in temporal arteritis: a retrospective study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1997;15(3):303–6.Google ScholarPubMed
70.Moore, PM, Calabrese, LH. Neurologic manifestations of systemic vasculitides. Semin Neurol. 1994;14(4):300–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
71.de Groot, K, Schmidt, DK, Arlt, AC, Gross, WL, Reinhold-Keller, E. Standardized neurologic evaluations of 128 patients with Wegener granulomatosis. Arch Neurol. 2001;58(8):1215–21.Google Scholar
72.Baumann, RJ, Robertson, WC, Jr. Neurosarcoid presents differently in children than in adults. Pediatrics. 2003;112(6 Pt 1):e480–6.Google Scholar
73.Singhal, AB. Diagnostic challenges in RCVS, PACNS, and other cerebral arteriopathies. Cephalalgia. 2011;31(10):1067–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
74.Scolding, NJ, Jayne, DR, Zajicek, JP, et al. Cerebral vasculitis: recognition, diagnosis and management. QJM. 1997;90(1):61–73.Google Scholar
75.Behrens, MM. Headaches associated with disorders of the eye. Med Clin North Am. 1978;62(3):507–21.Google Scholar
76.Vincent, AJ, Spierings, EL, Messinger, HB. A controlled study of visual symptoms and eye strain factors in chronic headache. Headache. 1989;29(8):523–7.Google Scholar
77.Nesher, R, Epstein, E, Stern, Y, Assia, E, Nesher, G. Headaches as the main presenting symptom of subacute angle closure glaucoma. Headache. 2005;45(2):172–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
78.Antonaci, F, Fredriksen, TA, Sjaastad, O. Cervicogenic headache: clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and differential diagnosis. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2001;5(4):387–92.Google Scholar
79.Edmeads, J. The cervical spine and headache. Neurology. 1988;38(12):1874–8.Google Scholar
80.Furlan, JC. Headache attributed to autonomic dysreflexia: an underrecognized clinical entity. Neurology. 2011;77(8):792–8.Google Scholar
81.Edvardsson, B, Persson, S. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome associated with autonomic dysreflexia. J Headache Pain. 2010;11(3):277–80.Google Scholar
82.Toth, C. Medications and substances as a cause of headache: a systematic review of the literature. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2003;26(3):122–36.Google Scholar
83.Sykes, OT, Walker, E. The neurotoxicology of carbon monoxide: Historical perspective and review. Cortex. 2015;74:440–8.Google Scholar
84.Katsarava, Z, Fritsche, G, Muessig, M, Diener, HC, Limmroth, V. Clinical features of withdrawal headache following overuse of triptans and other headache drugs. Neurology. 2001;57(9):1694–8.Google Scholar
85.Zakrzewska, JM, Linskey, ME. Trigeminal neuralgia. BMJ. 2014;348:g474.Google Scholar
86.Lain, AH, Caminero, AB, Pareja, JA. SUNCT syndrome: absence of refractory periods and modulation of attack duration by lengthening of the trigger stimuli. Cephalalgia. 2000;20(7):671–3.Google Scholar
87.Cruccu, G, Gronseth, G, Alksne, J, et al. AAN-EFNS guidelines on trigeminal neuralgia management. Eur J Neurol. 2008;15(10):1013–28.Google Scholar
88.Antonini, G, Di Pasquale, A, Cruccu, G, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging contribution for diagnosing symptomatic neurovascular contact in classical trigeminal neuralgia: a blinded case-control study and meta-analysis. Pain. 2014;155(8):1464–71.Google Scholar
89.Kress, B, Schindler, M, Rasche, D, et al. MRI volumetry for the preoperative diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia. Eur Radiol. 2005;15(7):1344–8.Google Scholar
90.Tate, R, Rubin, LM, Krajewski, KC. Treatment of refractory trigeminal neuralgia with intravenous phenytoin. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2011;68(21):2059–61.Google Scholar
91.Gronseth, G, Cruccu, G, Alksne, J, et al. Practice parameter: the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the European Federation of Neurological Societies. Neurology. 2008;71(15):1183–90.Google Scholar
92.Pareja, JA, Ruiz, J, de Isla, C, al-Sabbah, H, Espejo, J. Idiopathic stabbing headache (jabs and jolts syndrome). Cephalalgia. 1996;16(2):93–6.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×