This chapter discusses the relationship between religion, the State and wider society. It examines religious understandings about the nature of the State and the place of religion within it, the extent to which religious laws require the faithful to comply with the law of the State and the basis upon which they must do so, such as the concept of citizenship. The chapter then examines the approach of religious organisations to the matter of human rights in wider society and the extent to which religious laws employ this category and the implications of this for the lives of believers, particularly in the context of human rights in civil law. Next the chapter examines the degree to which the religions participate in natural law thinking − in particular the extent to which they subscribe to the view that there are universal principles about human conduct and the extent to which these place duties on the faithful in their dealings with wider society and the members of other faith traditions.