Book contents
- Early PregnancySecond Edition
- Early Pregnancy
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface to the Second Edition
- 1 Endometrial Development and Gene Expression
- 2 Decidualization and Recurrent Miscarriage
- 3 Hemochorial Development
- 4 Implantation
- 5 Early Placental Development and Disorders
- 6 Meiosis and the Embryo
- 7 Environmental Toxicants and Reproduction
- 8 Thyroid Physiology and Early Pregnancy
- 9 Müllerian Duct Development
- 10 Candidate Genes for Pregnancy Loss
- 11 Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Reproduction
- 12 Defining Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
- 13 Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Miscarriage
- 14 The Value of Early Pregnancy Units
- 15 Investigation of Recurrent Miscarriage
- 16 Designing and Optimizing Treatment Trials for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
- 17 Risk Factors for First Trimester Miscarriage
- 18 Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy and Pregnancy of Unknown Location
- 19 Non-Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy
- 20 Ultrasound to Diagnose and Predict Early Pregnancy Outcome
- 21 Three-Dimensional Virtual Reality in Early Pregnancy
- 22 Molar Pregnancy
- 23 Role of Miscarriage Evaluation
- 24 Inherited Thrombophilia and Early Pregnancy
- 25 Immunotherapy and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
- 26 Progesterone Use in Early Pregnancy
- 27 Vanishing Twin Syndrome and Long-Term Outcome
- 28 Obesity and Early Pregnancy
- 29 Chronic Endometritis and Reproduction
- 30 Miscarriage after In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
- 31 HLA Associations and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
- 32 Midtrimester Pregnancy Loss
- Index
- Plate Section (PDF Only)
- References
20 - Ultrasound to Diagnose and Predict Early Pregnancy Outcome
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 February 2017
Book contents
- Early PregnancySecond Edition
- Early Pregnancy
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface to the Second Edition
- 1 Endometrial Development and Gene Expression
- 2 Decidualization and Recurrent Miscarriage
- 3 Hemochorial Development
- 4 Implantation
- 5 Early Placental Development and Disorders
- 6 Meiosis and the Embryo
- 7 Environmental Toxicants and Reproduction
- 8 Thyroid Physiology and Early Pregnancy
- 9 Müllerian Duct Development
- 10 Candidate Genes for Pregnancy Loss
- 11 Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Reproduction
- 12 Defining Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
- 13 Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Miscarriage
- 14 The Value of Early Pregnancy Units
- 15 Investigation of Recurrent Miscarriage
- 16 Designing and Optimizing Treatment Trials for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
- 17 Risk Factors for First Trimester Miscarriage
- 18 Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy and Pregnancy of Unknown Location
- 19 Non-Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy
- 20 Ultrasound to Diagnose and Predict Early Pregnancy Outcome
- 21 Three-Dimensional Virtual Reality in Early Pregnancy
- 22 Molar Pregnancy
- 23 Role of Miscarriage Evaluation
- 24 Inherited Thrombophilia and Early Pregnancy
- 25 Immunotherapy and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
- 26 Progesterone Use in Early Pregnancy
- 27 Vanishing Twin Syndrome and Long-Term Outcome
- 28 Obesity and Early Pregnancy
- 29 Chronic Endometritis and Reproduction
- 30 Miscarriage after In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
- 31 HLA Associations and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
- 32 Midtrimester Pregnancy Loss
- Index
- Plate Section (PDF Only)
- References
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Early Pregnancy , pp. 196 - 207Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2017
References
Braithwaite, JM & Economides, DL, 1997. Acceptability by patients of transvaginal sonography in the elective assessment of the first-trimester fetus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 9:91–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dutta, RL & Economides, DL, 2003. Patient acceptance of transvaginal sonography in the early pregnancy unit setting. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 22:503–07.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Crespigny, LC, 1988. Early diagnosis of pregnancy failure with transvaginal ultrasound. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 159:408–09.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldstein, I, 1991. Evaluation of normal gestational sac growth: appearance of embryonic heartbeat and embryo body movements using the transvaginal technique. Obstet Gynecol, 77:885–88.Google ScholarPubMed
Sawyer, E, 2007. The value of measuring endometrial thickness and volume on transvaginal ultrasound scan for the diagnosis of incomplete miscarriage. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 29:205–09.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Everett, C, 1997. Incidence and outcome of bleeding before the 20th week of pregnancy: prospective study from general practice. BMJ, 315:32–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bora, SA, 2014. Do women with pain and bleeding in early pregnancy require a vaginal speculum examination as part of their assessment? Gynecol Obstet Invest. 77(1):29–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alcazar, J, 1995. The reliability of transvaginal ultrasonography to detect retained tissue after spontaneous first-rimester abortion, clinically thought to be complete. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 6: 126–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haider, Z, 2006. Impact of the availability of sonography in the acute gynecology unit. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 28:207–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trinder, J, 2006. Management of miscarriage: expectant, medical, or surgical? Results of randomised controlled trial (miscarriage treatment (MIST) trial). BMJ, 332:1235–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lok, I, 2007. Psychological morbidity following miscarriage. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 21:229–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bigrigg, MA & Read, MD, 1991. Management of women referred to early pregnancy assessment unit: care and cost effectiveness. BMJ, 302(6776):577–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shillito, J & Walker, JJ. Early pregnancy assessment units. Br J Hosp Med, 1997, 58(10):505–09.Google ScholarPubMed
Farquharson, RG, Jauniaux, E, Exalto, N & ESHRE Special Interest Group for Early Pregnancy (SIGEP), 2005. Updated and revised nomenclature for description of early pregnancy events. Hum Reprod, 20:3008–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kolte, AM & ESHRE Special Interest Group, 2015. Early Pregnancy. Terminology for pregnancy loss prior to viability: a consensus statement from the ESHRE early pregnancy special interest group. Hum Reprod, 30(3):495–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bourne, T, 2012. When is a pregnancy nonviable and what criteria should be used to define miscarriage? Fertil Steril, 98:1091–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jeve, Y, 2011. Accuracy of first-trimester ultrasound in the diagnosis of early embryonic demise: a systematic review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 38(5):489–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pexsters, A, 2011. Clinical implications of intra- and interobserver reproducibility of transvaginal sonographic measurement of gestational sac and crown-rump length at 6–9 weeks' gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 38:510–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hately, W, Case, J, Campbell, S, 1995. Establishing the death of an embryo by ultrasound: report of a public enquiry with recommendations. Ultrasound Obstets Gynecol, 5:353–57.Google Scholar
Irish Health Service Executive (HSE). National miscarriage misdiagnosis review, April 2011; http://www.hse.ie/eng/services/Publications/services/Hospitals/miscarriagereview.html.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), 2012. Ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage: diagnosis and initial management in early pregnancy of ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage. Clinical Guideline, 154. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.Google Scholar
Doubilet, PM, 2013. Diagnostic criteria for nonviable pregnancy early in the first trimester. N Engl J Med, 10;369 (15):1443–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mukri, F, 2008. Evidence of early first-trimester growth restriction in pregnancies that subsequently end in miscarriage. BJOG, 115:1273–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bahado-Singh, R, 1997. First-trimester growth restriction and fetal aneuploidy: the effect of type of aneuploidy and gestational age. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 176:976–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bottomley, C, 2011. A model and scoring system to predict outcome of intrauterine pregnancies of uncertain viability. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 37(5):588–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elson, J, 2003. Prediction of early pregnancy viability in the absence of an ultrasonically detectable embryo. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 21:57–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Condous, G, 2005. Do we need to follow up complete miscarriages with serum human chorionic gonadotrophin levels? BJOG, 112:827–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirk, E, Papageorghiou, AT, Condous, G, et al, 2007. The accuracy of first trimester ultrasound in the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 29(1):70–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bottomley, C, 2009. The optimal timing of an ultrasound scan to assess the location and viability of an early pregnancy. Hum Reprod, 24: 1811–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tummers, P, 2003. Risk of spontaneous abortion in singleton and twin pregnancies after IVF/ICSI. Hum Reprod, 18(8):1720–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reljic, M, 2001. The significance of crown-rump length measurement for predicting adverse pregnancy outcome of threatened abortion. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 17:510–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Choong, S, 2003. Ultrasound prediction of risk of spontaneous miscarriage in live embryos from assisted conceptions. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 22: 571–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pexsters, A, 2010. New crown-rump length curve based on over 3500 pregnancies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 35:650–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bromley, B, 1991. Small sac size in the first trimester: a predictor of poor fetal outcome. Radiology, 178: 375–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dickey, RP, 1992. Relationship of small gestational sac-crown-rump length differences to abortion and abortus karyotypes. Obstet Gynecol, 79: 554–57.Google ScholarPubMed
Nyberg, DA, 2003. Predicting pregnancy failure in ‘empty’ gestational sacs. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 21:9–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKenna, KM, 1995. The empty amnion: a sign of early pregnancy failure. J Ultrasound Med, 14(2):117–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Achiron, R, Tadmor, O & Mashiach, S, 1991. Heart rate as a predictor of first-trimester spontaneous abortion after ultrasound-proven viability. Obstet Gynecol, 78(3 Pt 1): 330–34.Google ScholarPubMed
Doubilet, PM & Benson, CB, 1995. Embryonic heart rate in the early first trimester: what rate is normal? J Ultrasound Med, 14(6):431–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johns, J, 2003. Obstetric outcome after threatened miscarriage with and without a hematoma on ultrasound. Obstet Gynecol, 102:483–87.Google ScholarPubMed
Sana, Y, 2013. Clinical significance of first-trimester chorionic bumps: a matched case–control study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 42(5):585–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lautmann, K, 2011. Clinical use of a model to predict the viability of early intrauterine pregnancies when no embryo is visible on ultrasound. Hum Reprod, 26:2957–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guha, S, 2013. External validation of models and simple scoring systems to predict miscarriage in intrauterine pregnancies of uncertain viability. Hum Reprod, 28(11):2905–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 2015. Ultrasound from conception to 10+0 weeks of gestation. Scientific Impact Paper No. 49. London: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.Google Scholar
Verwoerd-Dikkeboom, CM, 2010. Innovative virtual reality measurements for embryonic growth and development. Hum Reprod, 25(6):1404–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed