Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-9q27g Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-22T20:11:04.887Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

17 - Irony and Its Overlap with Hyperbole and Understatement

from Part V - Irony, Affect, and Related Figures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 December 2023

Herbert L. Colston
Affiliation:
University of Alberta
Get access

Summary

This chapter examines the possibility that hyperbole and understatement are distinct notions and not necessarily under the superordinate concept of irony. Hyperbole relates to exaggeration or overstatement, while understatements are viewed as scalar shifts that are quite the opposite of hyperbole (i.e., presenting something as less significant than it is). She examines empirical evidence on the discourse goals associated with irony, hyperbole, and understatement to suggest that irony is frequently a part of hyperbole and understatement (e.g., to achieve the goals of contrast, expectations, and indeterminacy), but can exist on its own (e.g., to achieve the goal of an ironic attitude through evaluation accounts, negative-attitude accounts, and dissociative-attitude accounts). Both hyperbole and understatement are also evaluative, but not necessarily in an ironic way. Most generally, understatement and hyperbole may share common mechanisms with irony, yet are still important rhetorical figures in their own right.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Attardo, S. (2000). Irony as relevant inappropriateness. Journal of Pragmatics, 32(6), 793826.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnden, J. (2020). Uniting irony, hyperbole and metaphor in an affect-centred, pretence-based framework. In Colston, H. L. & Athanasiadou, A. (Eds.), The diversity of irony (pp. 1565). De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar
Burgers, C., Renardel de Lavalette, K. Y., & Steen, G. J. (2018). Metaphor, hyperbole, and irony: Uses in isolation and in combination in written discourse. Journal of Pragmatics, 127, 7183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caffi, C. (1999). On mitigation. Journal of Pragmatics, 31(7), 881909.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caffi, C. (2007). Mitigation. Elsevier.Google Scholar
Cano Mora, L. (2006). ‘How to make a mountain out of a molehill’: A corpus-based pragmatic and conversational analysis study of hyperbole in interaction (doctoral dissertation, Universitat de València). www.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/9790/cano.pdf?sequence=1Google Scholar
Carston, R., & Wearing, C. (2015). Hyperbolic language and its relation to metaphor and irony. Journal of Pragmatics, 79, 7992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Claridge, C. (2011). Hyperbole in English: A corpus-based study of exaggeration. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Colston, H. L. (1997). Salting a wound or sugaring a pill: The pragmatic functions of ironic criticism. Discourse Processes, 23(1), 2545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colston, H. L. (2015). Using figurative language. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Colston, H. L., & Carreno, A. (2020). Sources of pragmatic effects in irony and hyperbole. In Baicchi, M. (Guest Ed.), Athanasiadou, A. & Colston, H. (Eds.), Figurative meaning construction in thought and language (Vol. 9) (pp. 187208). John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Colston, H. L., & Gibbs, R. W. (2002) Are irony and metaphor understood differently? Metaphor and Symbol, 17(1), 5780.Google Scholar
Colston, H. L., & Gibbs, R. W. (2007). A brief history of irony. In Gibbs, R. W. & Colston, H. L. (Eds.), Irony in language and thought: A cognitive science reader (pp. 321). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Curcó, C. (2000). Irony: Negation, echo, and metarepresentation. Lingua, 110, 257280.Google Scholar
Dews, S., Kaplan, J., & Winner, E. (1995). Why not say it directly? The social functions of irony. Discourse Processes, 19(3), 347367.Google Scholar
Dews, S., & Winner, E. (1995). Muting the meaning. A social function of irony. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 10(1), 319.Google Scholar
Dynel, M. (2013a). Irony from a neo-Gricean perspective: On untruthfulness and evaluative implicature. Intercultural Pragmatics, 10(3), 403431.Google Scholar
Dynel, M. (2013b). When does irony tickle the hearer? Towards capturing the characteristics of humourous irony. In Dynel, M. (Ed.), Developments in linguistic humour theory (pp. 289320). John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Dynel, M. (2016a). Comparing and combining covert and overt untruthfulness. On lying, deception, irony and metaphor. Pragmatics & Cognition, 23(1), 174208.Google Scholar
Dynel, M. (2016b). Two layers of overt untruthfulness: When irony meets metaphor, hyperbole or meiosis. Pragmatics & Cognition, 23(2), 259283.Google Scholar
Eviatar, Z., & Just, M. A. (2006). Brain correlates of discourse processing: An fMRI investigation of irony and conventional metaphor comprehension. Neuropsychologia, 44(12), 23482359.Google Scholar
Fogelin, R. J. (2011). Figuratively speaking (rev. ed.). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Garmendia, J. (2010). Irony is critical. Pragmatics & Cognition, 18(2), 397421.Google Scholar
Garmendia, J. (2011). She’s (not) a fine friend: “Saying” and criticism in irony. Intercultural Pragmatics, 8(1), 4165.Google Scholar
Garmendia, J. (2015). A (Neo)Gricean account of irony: An answer to Relevance Theory. International Review of Pragmatics, 7(1), 4079.Google Scholar
Gibbs, R. W. (1986). On the psycholinguistics of sarcasm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 115(1), 315.Google Scholar
Gibbs, R. W. (1999). The poetics of mind: Figurative thought, language, and understanding. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gibbs, R. W. (2000). Irony in talk among friends. Metaphor and Symbol, 15(1–2), 527.Google Scholar
Gibbs, R. W. (Ed.). (2008). The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibbs, R. W., & Colston, H. L. (2012). Interpreting figurative meaning. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibbs, R. W., & Colston, H. L. (2002). The risk and rewards of ironic communication. In Riva, G., Anolli, L., & Ciceri, R. (Eds.), Say not to say: New perspectives on miscommunication (pp. 188199). IOS Press.Google Scholar
Giora, R. (1995). On irony and negation. Discourse Processes, 19(2), 239264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giora, R. (2003). On our mind. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Giora, R., Fein, O., Ganzi, J., Levi, N. A., & Sabah, H. (2005). On negation as mitigation: The case of negative irony. Discourse Processes, 39(1), 81100.Google Scholar
Grice, H. P. (1989a). Logic and conversation. In Grice, H. P. (Ed.), Studies in the way of words (pp. 2240). Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Grice, H. P. (1989b). Further notes on logic and conversation. In Grice, H. P. (Ed.), Studies in the Way of Words (pp. 4157). Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Groeben, N., & Scheele, B. (1986). Produktion und Rezeption von Ironie: Pragmalinguistische Beschreibung und psycholinguistische Erklärungshypothesen. Narr.Google Scholar
Haiman, J. (1998). Talk is cheap: Sarcasm, alienation, and the evolution of language. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Haverkate, H. (1990). A speech act analysis of irony. Journal of Pragmatics, 14, 77109.Google Scholar
Holdcroft, D. (1983). Irony as a trope, and irony as discourse. Poetics Today, 4(3), 493511.Google Scholar
Huang, Y. (2012). The Oxford dictionary of pragmatics. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hübler, A. (1983). Understatements and hedges in English. John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Israel, M. (2006). Saying less and meaning less. In Birner, B. J. & Ward, G. L. (Eds.), Drawing the boundaries of meaning: Neo-Gricean studies in pragmatics and semantics in honor of Laurence R. Horn (pp. 137156). John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Kapogianni, E. (2011). Irony via “surrealism,” In Dynel, M. (Ed.), The pragmatics of humour across discourse domains (pp. 5168). John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katz, A. N., & Pexman, P. M. (1997). Interpreting figurative statements: Speaker occupation can change metaphor to irony. Metaphor and Symbol, 12(1), 1941.Google Scholar
Kreuz, R. J., & Link, K. E. (2002). Asymmetries in the use of verbal irony. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 21(2), 127143.Google Scholar
Kreuz, R. J., & Roberts, R. M. (1993). The empirical study of figurative language in literature. Poetics, 22, 151169.Google Scholar
Kreuz, R. J., Roberts, R. M., Johnson, B. K., & Bertus, E. L. (1996) Figurative languga occurrende and co-occurrence in contemporary literature. In Kreuz, R. J. (Ed.), Empirical approaches to literature and aesthetics (pp. 8397). Ablex Publishing.Google Scholar
Kumon-Nakamura, S., Glucksberg, S., & Brown, M. (1995). How about another piece of pie: The allusional pretense theory of discourse irony. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124(1), 321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lausberg, H., & Orton, D. E. (1998). Handbook of literary rhetoric: A foundation for literary study. Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leech, G. N. (1983). Principles of pragmatics. Longman.Google Scholar
Leech, G. N. (2014). The pragmatics of politeness. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Levinson, S. C. (2000). Presumptive meanings: The theory of generalized conversational implicature. MIT Press.Google Scholar
Livnat, Z. (2011). Quantity, truthfulness and ironic effect. Language Sciences, 33(2), 305315.Google Scholar
McDonald, S. (2000). Neuropsychological studies of sarcasm. Metaphor and Symbol, 15(1–2), 8598.Google Scholar
Meibauer, J. (2012) What is a context? Theoretical and empirical evidence. In Finkbeiner, R., Schumacher, P., & Meibauer, J. (Eds.), What is a context? Linguistic approaches and challenges (pp. 932). John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Musolff, A. (2017) Metaphor, irony and sarcasm in public discourse. Journal of Pragmatics, 109, 95104.Google Scholar
Neuhaus, L. (2016a). Four potential meanings of double negation: The pragmatics of nicht un-constructions. International Review of Pragmatics, 8, 5581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neuhaus, L. (2016b). On the relation of irony, understatement, and litotes. Pragmatics & Cognition, 23(1), 117149.Google Scholar
Neuhaus, L. (2019). Linguistik der Litotes im Deutschen. Syntax, Semantik und Pragmatik einer “nicht uninteressanten” Redefigur. De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar
Partington, A. (2007). Irony and reversal of evaluation. Journal of Pragmatics, 39, 15471569.Google Scholar
Popa, M. (2011). Ironic metaphor interpretation. Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics, 33(1). University of Toronto. https://twpl.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/twpl/article/view/6913Google Scholar
Popa-Wyatt, M. (2020). Hyperbolic figures In Colston, H. L. , A. Athanasiadou, (Eds.), The diversity of irony (pp. 91106). De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar
Quintilian, M. F. ([35–100 AD] 1959). Institutes of oratory (trans. H. E. Butler). University of Toronto.Google Scholar
Roberts, R. M., & Kreuz, R. J. (1994). Why do people use figurative language? Psychological Science, 5(3), 159163.Google Scholar
Schmude, M. P. (2001). Minutio. In Ueding, G. (Ed.), Historisches Wörterbuch der Rhetorik: Vol. 5 L-Musi (pp. 13601366). Niemeyer.Google Scholar
Semino, E., & Demjén, Z. (Eds.). (2016). The Routledge handbook of metaphor and language. Routledge.Google Scholar
Sperber, D., & Wilson, D. (1986). Relevance: Communication and cognition. Blackwell.Google Scholar
Stalnaker, R. (2002). Common ground. Linguistics and Philosophy, 25, 701721.Google Scholar
Wilson, D. (2009). Irony and metarepresentation. UCL Working Papers in Linguistics, 21, 183226.Google Scholar
Wilson, D. (2017). Irony, hyberbole, jokes and banter. Blochowiak, J., Grisot, C., Durrleman-Tame, S., & Laenzlinger, C. (Eds.), Formal models in the study of language (pp. 201219). Springer.Google Scholar
Wilson, D., & Sperber, D. (1992). On verbal irony. Lingua, 87(1–2), 5376.Google Scholar
Wilson, D., & Sperber, D. (2012). Explaining irony. In Wilson, D. & Sperber, D. (Eds.), Meaning and relevance (pp. 123145). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Winner, E. (1988). The point of words: Children’s understanding of metaphor and irony. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Winner, E., & Gardner, H. (1993): Metaphor and irony: Two levels of understanding. Ortony, A. (Ed.), Metaphor and Thought (2nd ed., pp. 425443). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×